Indians....erroneously known as 'Native Americans'....a subject that lends itself to the cause of the America-haters.
Here, we strip away both the romanticized notions, and the slanders: real history.
First the 'age of exploration,' then colonization. But when colonization began in America, it did so in dribs and drabs.... in small scattered or sporadic amounts.
Certainly not in huge numbers that would account for the
mythical "Indian genocide."
Why didn't the Indian tribes extant simply toss 'em back into the sea?
1. Colonization began in 1607, with English settlers along the James River. Data shows some 2,400 English in Virginia, and about 1,400 in New England by 1630.
But t
here were over 400,000 Native Americans east of the Appalachians by the time the first settlers arrived!
Romanticized versions of Indian life paint them to be friendly, civilized, probably suggesting some sort of "Beer Summit" with the newcomers.....none of which is true.
"Can't we all just get along?" Maybe.
2. Woudn't the Indians, at first glance, want to curtail the newcomers?
Maybe so....but there were several reasons why they couldn't/wouldn't.
First, even small
settlements tended to be fortified, and able to rely on sea power and firearms.
Indians quickly saw the value of muskets, and were able to trade for same, using them for hunting and against rival tribes.
How about simply using 'em against the 'white interlopers' ?(Al Sharpton).
a. Far from the static view that politicians have of human endeavors, in actuality, people behave dynamically. In this case, getting
guns made the Indians more dependent on Europeans, for ammunition, powder, and repair of the weapons.
b. And, like garage door openers, once they had guns, they couldn't imagine living without them. So much for sending the Europeans away!
And, the law of unintended consequences went further: guns caused a loss of the skills needed in using bows/arrows!
Walter McDougall, "
Freedom Just Around the Corner: A New American History: 1585-1828"
c. To show the extent of the desire for guns, in 1641, the Iroquois sued for peace in order to regain access to the guns the French were selling them! "
Firearms in Colonial America: The Impact on History and Technology 1492-1792,'
M. L. Brown,
p.151-158
3. Geography is another reason that the colonists were not sent packing: they settled along the coasts and rivers, so would f
ight tenaciously rather than be pushed into the water! The Indians, if they were losing, could simply retreat inland, and fade into the forests.
4. As far as losing to the Indians, the
settlers has an inexhaustible supply of reinforcements from their national 'tribe,' while the Indians could rarely rely on support due to long tribal feuds.
5. Perhaps most important,
the greatest of enemies that the Indians had to face...they couldn't actually 'face.' And the settlers didn't recognize their greatest ally: Disease.
Influenza, chicken pox, small pox,...and the plague that decimated the Europeans back home.
a. Over 90% of the Algonquin, Wampanoag, Massachusetts, and Pawtucket tribes were wiped out
even before the Pilgrims arrived!
b. 50-75% of the Hurons, Iroquois, and Mohawks died in the 1630s and 1640s.
c. And almost 90% of the Powhatan, Susquehannock and other Chesapeake tribes in the 1670s.
McDougall, Op. Cit.