Oh poor babies. The poor misunderstood Germans. Boo, hoo, hoo...
and "western powers?"
Treaty of Versailles
Critics including
John Maynard Keynes declared the treaty too harsh, styling it as a "
Carthaginian peace", and saying the reparations were excessive and counterproductive. On the other hand, prominent Allied figures such as French Marshal
Ferdinand Foch criticized the treaty for treating Germany too leniently. This is still the subject of ongoing debate by historians and economists.
Allies not Western Powers
he
Allies or the
Entente (
UK:
/ɒ̃ˈtɒ̃t/,
US:
/ɒnˈtɒnt/ on-TONT) was an international military
coalition of countries led by the
French Republic, the
United Kingdom, the
Russian Empire, the
United States, the
Kingdom of Italy, and the
Empire of Japan against the
Central Powers of the
German Empire,
Austria-Hungary, the
Ottoman Empire, and the
Kingdom of Bulgaria in
World War I (1914–1918).
Aftermath
In the aftermath of the war, the German, Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman, and Russian empires disappeared.[f] Numerous nations regained their former independence, and new ones were created. Four dynasties fell as a result of the war: the Romanovs, the Hohenzollerns, the Habsburgs, and the Ottomans. Belgium and Serbia were badly damaged, as was France, with 1.4 million soldiers dead,[214] not counting other casualties. Germany and Russia were similarly affected.[215]
Main article:
Aftermath of World War I
Formal end of the war
A formal state of war between the two sides persisted for another seven months, until the signing of the Treaty of Versailles with Germany on 28 June 1919. The US Senate did not ratify the treaty despite public support for it,[216][217]and did not formally end its involvement in the war until the Knox–Porter Resolution was signed on 2 July 1921 by President Warren G. Harding.[218] For the British Empire, the state of war ceased under the provisions of the Termination of the Present War (Definition) Act 1918 concerning:
Germany on 10 January 1920.[219]
Austria on 16 July 1920.[220]
Bulgaria on 9 August 1920.[221]
Hungary on 26 July 1921.[222]
Turkey on 6 August 1924.[223]
Some war memorials date the end of the war as being when the Versailles Treaty was signed in 1919, which was when many of the troops serving abroad finally returned home; by contrast, most commemorations of the war's end concentrate on the armistice of 11 November 1918.[224]