montelatici, et al,
Remembering --- that the UK Colonial Office (UKCO) to the Palestine Arab Delegation (PAD) is not an official; statement of policy. Again, remember as stated in Correspondence #2, Paragraph #2, Mr Churchill and the UKCO was "not in a position to negotiate officially with [the PAD] or with any other body which claims to represent the whole or, part of the people of Palestine, since no official machinery for representation has as yet been constituted." The Arab Palestinian Leadership having rejected (more then once) the opportunity to establish an official conduit.
Also remember that the very same people that wrote the Covenant for the League of Nations, also wrote the Mandate. There is nothing at all in
Article 22 of the Covenant, that would suggest that Article 22 was in anyway dedicated exclusively to the opportunities of Arab Palestinians --- or --- predicated upon the claim that the granting an advantage to the Arab Palestinians. The same authors of the 1919 Covenant, were also the principles at the
1920 San Remo Convention in which the framework for the
Mandate of Palestine was agreed upon; and where the concept was hammered-out in regards to the establishment of the Jewish National Home (JNH).
(COMMENT)
The Covenant grants no special or unique application to the indigenous population of the territory under mandate. In fact, Article 22, could be thought of as applying in general to any of the orphaned territories left in the wake of the post-War conditions.
Relative to Article 22/1 of the Covenant:
To those colonies and territories which as a consequence of the late war have ceased to be under the sovereignty of the States which formerly governed them and which are inhabited by peoples not yet able to stand by themselves under the strenuous conditions of the modern world, there should be applied the principle that the well-being and development of such peoples form a sacred trust of civilisation and that securities for the performance of this trust should be embodied in this Covenant.
In fact, of the Middle East Protectorates and Mandates, the following Arab countries were determined to stand-alone, with their independence and sovereignty.
- Lebanon: Independence: 22 November 1943 (from League of Nations mandate under French administration)
- Syria: Independence: 17 April 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under French administration)
- Jordan: Independence: 25 May 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration)
- Iraq: Independence: 3 October 1932 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration)
- Israel: Independence: 14 May 1948 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration)
- Kuwait: Independence: 19 June 1961 (from UK)
- Egypt: Independence: 28 February 1922 (from UK)
Relative to Article 22/4 of the Covenant:
Certain communities formerly belonging to the Turkish Empire have reached a stage of development where their existence as independent nations can be provisionally recognized subject to the rendering of administrative advice and assistance by a Mandatory until such time as they are able to stand alone. The wishes of these communities must be a principal consideration in the selection of the Mandatory.
Nothing in this clause specifically applies to the Palestinian territory under Mandate. It has a general application but on pinpoint specific application. While in general one could say that the League of Nations gave Britain the Mandate to administer Palestine, which required her to implement the Balfour Declaration, and undertake a “
sacred trust of civilisation” to advance the welfare of the all people and guide them to independence. And here again, --- while the Jewish citizens under the Mandate of Palestine chose to follow the "Step Preparatory to Independence" as approved by the General Assembly; the Arab Palestinians turned this opportunity down at least three times.
Relative to Article 22/8 of the Covenant:
The degree of authority, control, or administration to be exercised by the Mandatory shall, if not previously agreed upon by the Members of the League, be explicitly defined in each case by the Council.
One of the major objectives of the Mandate, as passed-down from the San Remo Convention, by the Principal Allied Powers to the Mandatory --- was the responsibility for putting into effect the declaration originally made on November 2nd, 1917, in favor of the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people.
I have heard, many times, that the Palestinians were not given the proper well-being care and development they had due to them. That they were denied the right to self-determination, and that they were not dealt with fairly. The is a form of negativism in which the under developed culture does not have the ability to stand on its own --- and who tends to be negative. Of course, most cultures have periods or moments of whining, complaining, and displaying “the glass-is-half-empty” attitude now and again, but the continuation --- day after day, year after year, decade after decade --- of dwelling on the worst outcome of any given situation --- droning on and on about the unfairness of the world, then there is something more wrong with the culture than meets the eye.
Most Respectfully,
R