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UFO Landings - The Best Cases
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National Vital Statistics Reports
Volume 61, Number 6
If you think the numbers are wrong then go ahead and disprove them
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National Vital Statistics Reports
Volume 61, Number 6 October 10, 2012
Deaths: Preliminary Data for 2011
by Donna L. Hoyert, Ph.D., and Jiaquan Xu, M.D., Division of Vital Statistics
Abstract
Objectives—This report presents preliminary U.S. data on deaths, death rates, life expectancy, leading causes of death, and infant mortality for 2011 by selected characteristics such as age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin.
Methods—Data in this report are based on death records comprising more than 98 percent of the demographic and medical files for all deaths in the United States in 2011. The records are weighted to independent control counts for 2011. Comparisons are made with 2010 final data.
Results—The age-adjusted death rate decreased from 747.0 deaths per 100,000 population in 2010 to 740.6 deaths per 100,000 population in 2011. From 2010 to 2011, age-adjusted death rates decreased significantly for 5 of the 15 leading causes of death: Diseases of heart, Malignant neoplasms, Cerebrovascular diseases, Alzheimer’s disease, and Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis. The age-adjusted death rate increased for six leading causes of death: Chronic lower respiratory diseases, Diabetes mellitus, Influenza and pneumonia, Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis, Parkinson’s disease, and Pneumonitis due to solids and liquids. Life expectancy remained the same in 2011 as it had been in 2010 at 78.7 years.
Keywords: death rates c life expectancy c vital statistics c mortality
Introduction
This report presents preliminary mortality data for the United States based on vital records for a substantial proportion of deaths occurring in 2011. Statistics in preliminary reports are generally considered reliable; past analyses reveal that most statistics shown in preliminary reports were confirmed by the final statistics for each of those years (1–3).
Data Sources and Methods
Preliminary data in this report are based on records of deaths that occurred in calendar year 2011, which were received from state vital statistics offices and processed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) as of June 12, 2012. Estimates of the level of completeness of preliminary data for each state are shown in Table I (see Technical Notes). Detailed information on the nature, sources, and qualifications of the preliminary data is given in the Technical Notes.
Each state vital statistics office reported to NCHS the number of deaths registered and processed for calendar year 2011. Those state counts were used as independent control counts for NCHS’ 2011 preliminary national mortality file. A comparison of a) the number of 2011 death records received from the states for processing by NCHS with b) the state’s independent control counts of the number of deaths in 2011 indicates that demographic information from death certificates for the United States was available for an estimated 98.9 percent of infant deaths (under age 1 year) and 99.4 percent of deaths of persons aged 1 year and over occurring in calendar year 2011 (see Table I in the Technical Notes). Medical (or cause-of-death) information, processed separately, was available for an estimated 97.3 percent of infant deaths and 98.1 percent of deaths of persons aged 1 year and over in 2011.
Cause-of-death information is not always available when preliminary data are sent to NCHS, but is available later for final data processing. As a result, estimates of cause of death based on preliminary mortality data may differ from statistics developed from the final mortality data (see Tables II and III in the Technical Notes). Such differences may affect certain causes of death where the cause is pending investigation, such as for Assault (homicide), Intentional self-harm (suicide), Accidents (unintentional injuries), Drug-induced deaths, and Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS); see ‘‘Nonsampling error’’ in the Technical Notes.
Tabulations by race and ethnic group are based on the race and ethnic group reported for the decedent. Race and Hispanic origin are reported as separate items on the death certificate. Data are shown for the following race and ethnic groups: white, non-Hispanic white, black, non-Hispanic black, American Indian or Alaska Native (AIAN), Asian or Pacific Islander (API), and Hispanic populations. Death rates for AIAN, API, and, to a lesser extent, Hispanic populations are known to be too low because of reporting problems (see ‘‘Race and Hispanic origin’’ in the Technical Notes).
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
National Center for Health Statistics
National Vital Statistics System
2 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 61, No. 6, October 10, 2012
All comparisons in this report are between the 2010 final data (3) and the 2011 preliminary data. Changes in death rates from 2010 to 2011 were tested for statistical significance. Differences in death rates across demographic groups (but occurring in 2011 only) were also tested for statistical significance. Unless otherwise specified, reported differences in death rates are statistically significant.
Age-adjusted death rates are better indicators than crude death rates for showing changes in the risk of death over time when the age distribution of the population is changing, and for comparing the mortality of population subgroups that have different age compositions. All age-adjusted death rates are standardized to the year 2000 population (see ‘‘Computing rates and percentages’’ in the Technical Notes).
Life expectancy data shown in this report for data years 2010–2011 are based on methodology similar to that of the 1999–2001 decennial life tables. Beginning with final data reported for 2008, the life table methodology was revised by changing the smoothing technique used to estimate the life table functions at the oldest ages; see Technical Notes (1). The methodology used to produce life expectancies adjusts for misclassification for Hispanic and for race and ethnicity for the non-Hispanic populations (see ‘‘Life tables’’ in the Technical Notes). Adjustments do not account for other sources of error such as return migration (4). Note that adjustments for misclassification are applied to the production of the life tables, but not to the death rates shown in this report.
Two measures of infant mortality are shown: the infant death rate and the infant mortality rate (see ‘‘Infant mortality’’ in the Technical Notes). These measures typically are similar, although they can differ because they have different denominators.
Results
Trends in numbers and rates
The preliminary number of deaths in the United States for 2011 was 2,513,171 (Tables A and 1). The crude death rate of 806.6 per 100,000 population was 0.9 percent higher than the rate of 799.5 per 100,000 in 2010. The estimated age-adjusted death rate, which accounts for changes in the age distribution of the population, reached a record low of 740.6 per 100,000 U.S. standard population,
0.9 percent lower than the 2010 rate of 747.0 (Tables A and 1). Figure 1 illustrates the general pattern of decline in both crude and age-adjusted death rates since 1980. The age-adjusted death rate decreased from 2010 to 2011 by 1.4 percent for males and 0.5 percent for females. The relative magnitudes of significant changes in age-adjusted death rates by sex, race, and Hispanic origin (Table 1)are:
+
White males—1.0 percent decrease
+
Non-Hispanic white males—0.6 percent decrease
+
Black males—3.3 percent decrease
+
Black females—1.6 percent decrease
+
Non-Hispanic black males—2.7 percent decrease
+
Non-Hispanic black females—1.2 percent decrease
+
AIAN males—5.9 percent decrease
+
AIAN females—3.7 percent decrease
+
API males—4.2 percent decrease
+
API females—2.6 percent decrease
+
Hispanic males—4.8 percent decrease
+
Hispanic females—2.5 percent decrease
Rates for the AIAN and API populations should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies between reporting race on death certificates and on censuses, surveys, and birth certificates. Note that mortality for races other than white and black may be seriously understated in some cases due to underreporting for some race groups and Hispanic origin on death certificates (4–6).
Statistically significant decreases in mortality from 2010 to 2011 were registered for those under age 1 year and across age groups over 65 years. Decedents aged 25–34 experienced the only statistically significant increase. Mortality for age groups 1–4 years, 5–14 years, 15–24 years, 35–44 years, 45–54 years, and 55–64 years did not change significantly. The magnitude of the significant changes in mortality by age group is (Table 1):
+
Under 1 year—4.0 percent decrease
+
25–34 years—1.5 percent increase
+
65–74 years—1.6 percent decrease
+
75–84 years—0.8 percent decrease
+
85 years and over—1.2 percent decrease
The death rate for ‘‘under 1 year’’ shown above is based on a population estimate and is different from the infant mortality rate, which is based on live births (see ‘‘Infant mortality’’
.
The preliminary estimate of life expectancy at birth for the total population in 2011 is 78.7 years. This is the same as in 2010 (Tables A and 6). Life expectancy for males increased 0.1 year, from 76.2 in 2010 to 76.3 in 2011. Female life expectancy also increased 0.1 year, from
81.0 years to 81.1 years. (Life expectancy from 2010 to 2011 differed for the male and female populations but was unchanged for both sexes combined due to rounding.)
The difference between male and female life expectancy at birth has generally been decreasing since its peak of 7.8 years in 1979 (1,7). The gap between male and female life expectancy was 4.8 years in 2011, unchanged from the difference between the sexes in 2010. The difference in life expectancy between the white and black populations in 2011 was 3.7 years, a 0.1-year decrease from the 2010 gap between the two races (Table A).
Life expectancy for the Hispanic population increased 0.2 year in 2011 to 81.4 years compared with 2010 (Table 6). In 2011, the life expectancy for the Hispanic female population was 83.7 years. The life expectancy for the Hispanic male population in 2011 was 78.9. The difference in life expectancy between the sexes for the Hispanic population was 4.8 years.
Among the six Hispanic origin-race-sex groups (Table 6 and Figure 2), Hispanic females have the highest life expectancy at birth
(83.7 years), followed by non-Hispanic white females (81.1 years), Hispanic males (78.9 years), non-Hispanic black females (77.8 years), non-Hispanic white males (76.4 years), and non-Hispanic black males
(71.6 years). Figure 2 also shows that this pattern has not changed since 2006 although life expectancy for all groups has generally increased.
By state of residence, Hawaii had the lowest mortality in 2011 with an age-adjusted death rate of 584.8 deaths per 100,000 standard population (Table 3). Mortality was highest in Mississippi, with an age-adjusted death rate of 956.2 per 100,000 standard population.
National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 61, No. 6, October 10, 2012 3
Causes of death
The leading causes of death in 2011 remained the same as in 2010 for the 15 leading causes, although two causes exchanged ranks. Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis, the eighth leading cause in 2010, became the ninth leading cause in 2011, while Influenza and pneumonia, the ninth leading cause in 2010, became the eighth leading cause of death in 2011. The 15 leading causes of death in 2011 (Table B) were as follows:
1. Diseases of heart 2. Malignant neoplasms 3. Chronic lower respiratory diseases 4. Cerebrovascular diseases 5. Accidents (unintentional injuries) 6. Alzheimer’s disease 7. Diabetes mellitus
Table A. Deaths, age-adjusted death rates, and life expectancy at birth, by race and sex; and infant deaths and mortality rates, by race: United States, final 2010 and preliminary 2011 [Data are based on a continuous file of records received from the states. Figures for 2011 are based on weighted data rounded to the nearest individual, so categories may not add to totals] All races1 White2 Black2 Measure and sex 2011 2010 2011 2010 2011 2010 All deaths .................. Male .................... Female .................. Age-adjusted death rate3 ......... Male .................... Female .................. 2,513,171 1,253,716 1,259,456 740.6 874.5 631.9 2,468,435 1,232,432 1,236,003 747.0 887.1 634.9 2,153,864 1,070,817 1,083,046 738.1 869.3 629.7 2,114,749 1,051,514 1,063,235 741.8 878.5 630.8 290,135 146,843 143,292 877.4 1,067.3 740.1 286,959 145,802 141,157 898.2 1,104.0 752.5 Life expectancy at birth (in years) .... Male .................... Female .................. 78.7 76.3 81.1 78.7 76.2 81.0 79.0 76.6 81.3 78.9 76.5 81.3 75.3 72.1 78.2 75.1 71.8 78.0 All infant deaths .............. Infant mortality rate4 ............ 23,910 6.05 24,586 6.15 15,438 5.11 15,954 5.20 7,234 11.42 7,401 11.63 1Includes races other than white and black.
2Race categories are consistent with the 1977 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) standards. Multiple-race data were reported for deaths by 38 states and the District of Columbia in 2011 and
by 37 states and the District of Columbia in 2010, and were reported for births (used as the denominator in computing infant mortality rates), by 40 states and the District of Columbia in 2011 and by
38 states and the District of Columbia in 2010; see Technical Notes. The multiple-race data for these reporting areas were bridged to the single-race categories of the 1977 OMB standards for
comparability with other reporting areas; see Technical Notes.
3Age-adjusted death rates are per 100,000 U.S. standard population, based on the year 2000 standard.
4Infant mortality rates are deaths under age 1 year per 1,000 live births in specified group.
Figure 2 is a line graph showing the life expectancy at birth by Hispanic origin, race for non-population, and sex United States 2006 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data.
Figure 2 is a line graph showing the life expectancy at birth by Hispanic origin, race for non-population, and sex United States 2006 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data.
Figure 2 is a line graph showing the life expectancy at birth by Hispanic origin, race for non-population, and sex United States 2006 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data.
Figure 2 is a line graph showing the life expectancy at birth by Hispanic origin, race for non-population, and sex United States 2006 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data.
Figure 2 is a line graph showing the life expectancy at birth by Hispanic origin, race for non-population, and sex United States 2006 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data.
Figure 2 is a line graph showing the life expectancy at birth by Hispanic origin, race for non-population, and sex United States 2006 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data.
Figure 2 is a line graph showing the life expectancy at birth by Hispanic origin, race for non-population, and sex United States 2006 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data.
Figure 2 is a line graph showing the life expectancy at birth by Hispanic origin, race for non-population, and sex United States 2006 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data.
Figure 2 is a line graph showing the life expectancy at birth by Hispanic origin, race for non-population, and sex United States 2006 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data.
Figure 2 is a line graph showing the life expectancy at birth by Hispanic origin, race for non-population, and sex United States 2006 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data.
Figure 2 is a line graph showing the life expectancy at birth by Hispanic origin, race for non-population, and sex United States 2006 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data.
Figure 2 is a line graph showing the life expectancy at birth by Hispanic origin, race for non-population, and sex United States 2006 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data.
Figure 2 is a line graph showing the life expectancy at birth by Hispanic origin, race for non-population, and sex United States 2006 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data.
Figure 2 is a line graph showing the life expectancy at birth by Hispanic origin, race for non-population, and sex United States 2006 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data.
Figure 2 is a line graph showing the life expectancy at birth by Hispanic origin, race for non-population, and sex United States 2006 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data.
Figure 2 is a line graph showing the life expectancy at birth by Hispanic origin, race for non-population, and sex United States 2006 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data.
Figure 2 is a line graph showing the life expectancy at birth by Hispanic origin, race for non-population, and sex United States 2006 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data.
Figure 2 is a line graph showing the life expectancy at birth by Hispanic origin, race for non-population, and sex United States 2006 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data.
Figure 2 is a line graph showing the life expectancy at birth by Hispanic origin, race for non-population, and sex United States 2006 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data.
Figure 2 is a line graph showing the life expectancy at birth by Hispanic origin, race for non-population, and sex United States 2006 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data.
Figure 2 is a line graph showing the life expectancy at birth by Hispanic origin, race for non-population, and sex United States 2006 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data.
Figure 2 is a line graph showing the life expectancy at birth by Hispanic origin, race for non-population, and sex United States 2006 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data.
Figure 2 is a line graph showing the life expectancy at birth by Hispanic origin, race for non-population, and sex United States 2006 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data.
Figure 2 is a line graph showing the life expectancy at birth by Hispanic origin, race for non-population, and sex United States 2006 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data.
Figure 2 is a line graph showing the life expectancy at birth by Hispanic origin, race for non-population, and sex United States 2006 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data.
Figure 2 is a line graph showing the life expectancy at birth by Hispanic origin, race for non-population, and sex United States 2006 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data.
Figure 2 is a line graph showing the life expectancy at birth by Hispanic origin, race for non-population, and sex United States 2006 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data.
Figure 2 is a line graph showing the life expectancy at birth by Hispanic origin, race for non-population, and sex United States 2006 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data.
Figure 2 is a line graph showing the life expectancy at birth by Hispanic origin, race for non-population, and sex United States 2006 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data.
Figure 2 is a line graph showing the life expectancy at birth by Hispanic origin, race for non-population, and sex United States 2006 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data.
Figure 2 is a line graph showing the life expectancy at birth by Hispanic origin, race for non-population, and sex United States 2006 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data.
Figure 2 is a line graph showing the life expectancy at birth by Hispanic origin, race for non-population, and sex United States 2006 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data.
Figure 2 is a line graph showing the life expectancy at birth by Hispanic origin, race for non-population, and sex United States 2006 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data.
Figure 2 is a line graph showing the life expectancy at birth by Hispanic origin, race for non-population, and sex United States 2006 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data.
Figure 2 is a line graph showing the life expectancy at birth by Hispanic origin, race for non-population, and sex United States 2006 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data.
Figure 2 is a line graph showing the life expectancy at birth by Hispanic origin, race for non-population, and sex United States 2006 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data.
Figure 2 is a line graph showing the life expectancy at birth by Hispanic origin, race for non-population, and sex United States 2006 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data.
Figure 2 is a line graph showing the life expectancy at birth by Hispanic origin, race for non-population, and sex United States 2006 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data.
Figure 2 is a line graph showing the life expectancy at birth by Hispanic origin, race for non-population, and sex United States 2006 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data.
Figure 2 is a line graph showing the life expectancy at birth by Hispanic origin, race for non-population, and sex United States 2006 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data.
Figure 2 is a line graph showing the life expectancy at birth by Hispanic origin, race for non-population, and sex United States 2006 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data.
Figure 2 is a line graph showing the life expectancy at birth by Hispanic origin, race for non-population, and sex United States 2006 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data.
Figure 2 is a line graph showing the life expectancy at birth by Hispanic origin, race for non-population, and sex United States 2006 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data.
Figure 2 is a line graph showing the life expectancy at birth by Hispanic origin, race for non-population, and sex United States 2006 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data.
Figure 2 is a line graph showing the life expectancy at birth by Hispanic origin, race for non-population, and sex United States 2006 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data.
Figure 2 is a line graph showing the life expectancy at birth by Hispanic origin, race for non-population, and sex United States 2006 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data.
Figure 2 is a line graph showing the life expectancy at birth by Hispanic origin, race for non-population, and sex United States 2006 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data.
Figure 2 is a line graph showing the life expectancy at birth by Hispanic origin, race for non-population, and sex United States 2006 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data.
Figure 1 is a line graph showing the crude and age-adjusted death rates for United States 1980 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data. Figure 1 is a line graph showing the crude and age-adjusted death rates for United States 1980 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data. Figure 1 is a line graph showing the crude and age-adjusted death rates for United States 1980 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data. Figure 1 is a line graph showing the crude and age-adjusted death rates for United States 1980 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data. Figure 1 is a line graph showing the crude and age-adjusted death rates for United States 1980 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data. Figure 1 is a line graph showing the crude and age-adjusted death rates for United States 1980 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data. Figure 1 is a line graph showing the crude and age-adjusted death rates for United States 1980 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data. Figure 1 is a line graph showing the crude and age-adjusted death rates for United States 1980 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data. Figure 1 is a line graph showing the crude and age-adjusted death rates for United States 1980 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data. Figure 1 is a line graph showing the crude and age-adjusted death rates for United States 1980 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data. Figure 1 is a line graph showing the crude and age-adjusted death rates for United States 1980 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data. Figure 1 is a line graph showing the crude and age-adjusted death rates for United States 1980 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data. Figure 1 is a line graph showing the crude and age-adjusted death rates for United States 1980 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data. Figure 1 is a line graph showing the crude and age-adjusted death rates for United States 1980 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data. Figure 1 is a line graph showing the crude and age-adjusted death rates for United States 1980 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data. Figure 1 is a line graph showing the crude and age-adjusted death rates for United States 1980 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data. Figure 1 is a line graph showing the crude and age-adjusted death rates for United States 1980 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data. Figure 1 is a line graph showing the crude and age-adjusted death rates for United States 1980 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data. Figure 1 is a line graph showing the crude and age-adjusted death rates for United States 1980 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data. Figure 1 is a line graph showing the crude and age-adjusted death rates for United States 1980 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data. Figure 1 is a line graph showing the crude and age-adjusted death rates for United States 1980 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data. Figure 1 is a line graph showing the crude and age-adjusted death rates for United States 1980 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data. Figure 1 is a line graph showing the crude and age-adjusted death rates for United States 1980 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data. Figure 1 is a line graph showing the crude and age-adjusted death rates for United States 1980 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data. Figure 1 is a line graph showing the crude and age-adjusted death rates for United States 1980 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data. Figure 1 is a line graph showing the crude and age-adjusted death rates for United States 1980 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data. Figure 1 is a line graph showing the crude and age-adjusted death rates for United States 1980 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data. Figure 1 is a line graph showing the crude and age-adjusted death rates for United States 1980 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data. Figure 1 is a line graph showing the crude and age-adjusted death rates for United States 1980 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data. Figure 1 is a line graph showing the crude and age-adjusted death rates for United States 1980 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data. Figure 1 is a line graph showing the crude and age-adjusted death rates for United States 1980 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data. Figure 1 is a line graph showing the crude and age-adjusted death rates for United States 1980 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data. Figure 1 is a line graph showing the crude and age-adjusted death rates for United States 1980 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data. Figure 1 is a line graph showing the crude and age-adjusted death rates for United States 1980 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data. Figure 1 is a line graph showing the crude and age-adjusted death rates for United States 1980 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data. Figure 1 is a line graph showing the crude and age-adjusted death rates for United States 1980 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data. Figure 1 is a line graph showing the crude and age-adjusted death rates for United States 1980 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data. Figure 1 is a line graph showing the crude and age-adjusted death rates for United States 1980 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data. Figure 1 is a line graph showing the crude and age-adjusted death rates for United States 1980 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data. Figure 1 is a line graph showing the crude and age-adjusted death rates for United States 1980 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data. Figure 1 is a line graph showing the crude and age-adjusted death rates for United States 1980 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data. Figure 1 is a line graph showing the crude and age-adjusted death rates for United States 1980 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data. Figure 1 is a line graph showing the crude and age-adjusted death rates for United States 1980 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data. Figure 1 is a line graph showing the crude and age-adjusted death rates for United States 1980 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data. Figure 1 is a line graph showing the crude and age-adjusted death rates for United States 1980 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data. Figure 1 is a line graph showing the crude and age-adjusted death rates for United States 1980 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data. Figure 1 is a line graph showing the crude and age-adjusted death rates for United States 1980 through 2010 final 2011 preliminary data.
4 National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 61, No. 6, October 10, 2012
8.
Influenza and pneumonia
9.
Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis
10.
Intentional self-harm (suicide)
11.
Septicemia
12.
Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis
13.
Essential hypertension and hypertensive renal disease
14.
Parkinson’s disease
15.
Pneumonitis due to solids and liquids
From 2010 to 2011, the age-adjusted death rate declined significantly for 5 of the 15 leading causes of death. The age-adjusted death rate for the leading cause of death, Diseases of heart, decreased by 3.0 percent. The age-adjusted death rate for Malignant neoplasms decreased by 2.4 percent (Tables B and 2). Deaths from these two diseases combined accounted for 47 percent of deaths in the United States in 2011. Heart disease mortality has exhibited a fairly steady decline since 1980, and cancer mortality began to decline in the early 1990s (8). Of the 15 leading causes of death, the age-adjusted death rate also decreased significantly for Cerebrovascular diseases (3.1 percent), Alzheimer’s disease (2.0 percent), and Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis (12.4 percent).
The decrease in deaths from Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis from 2010 to 2011 needs to be interpreted with caution, however. Changes in classification and coding were made in 2011 that contributed to the decrease. Renal failure, for example, mentioned on death certificates was more likely to be treated as a renal complication of other diseases on the death certificate in 2011. As a result, more of these records shift from the Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis category to other diseases (e.g., Diabetes mellitus with renal complications, which is part of the broader Diabetes mellitus category).
The age-adjusted death rate increased significantly from 2010 to 2011 for six leading causes: Chronic lower respiratory diseases
(1.2 percent), Diabetes mellitus (3.4 percent), Influenza and pneumonia (4.0 percent), Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis (3.2 percent), Parkinson’s disease (2.9 percent), and Pneumonitis due to solids and liquids (3.9 percent).
The observed changes in the age-adjusted death rates from 2010 to 2011 were not significant for Accidents (unintentional injuries), Intentional self-harm (suicide), Septicemia, and Essential hypertension and hypertensive renal disease.
Although Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease was not among the 15 leading causes of death in 2011 for all ages combined, it remains a public health concern, especially for those between the ages of 15 and 64. The age-adjusted death rate for HIV disease declined by 7.7 percent from 2010 to 2011 (Table 2). Following a period of increase from 1987 through 1994, HIV disease mortality reached a plateau in 1995. Subsequently, the rate for this disease decreased an average of 33.0 percent per year from 1995 through 1998 (9), and
6.5 percent per year from 1999 through 2010 (data not shown). For all races combined in the age group 15–24, HIV disease was the 12th leading cause of death in 2010 and 2011. HIV disease dropped from
Table B. Deaths and death rates for 2011 and age-adjusted death rates and percentage changes in age-adjusted rates from 2010 to 2011 for the 15 leading causes of death in 2011: United States, final 2010 and preliminary 2011 [Data are based on a continuous file of records received from the states. Rates are per 100,000 population; age-adjusted rates per 100,000 U.S. standard population based on the year 2000 standard; see Technical Notes. For explanation of asterisks (*) preceding cause-of-death codes, see Technical Notes. Figures for 2011 are based on weighted data rounded to the nearest individual, so categories may not add to totals] Age-adjusted death rate Cause of death (based on the International Classification of Diseases, Death Percent Rank1 Tenth Revision, 2008 Edition, 2009) Number rate 2011 2010 change . . . All causes ............................................................ 2,512,873 806.5 740.6 747.0 -0.9 1 Diseases of heart .......................................... (I00–I09,I11,I13,I20–I51) 596,339 191.4 173.7 179.1 –3.0 2 Malignant neoplasms ................................................ (C00–C97) 575,313 184.6 168.6 172.8 –2.4 3 Chronic lower respiratory diseases .........................................(J40–J47) 143,382 46.0 42.7 42.2 1.2 4 Cerebrovascular diseases .............................................. (I60–I69) 128,931 41.4 37.9 39.1 –3.1 5 Accidents (unintentional injuries) .................................. (V01–X59,Y85–Y86)2,3 122,777 39.4 38.0 38.0 0.0 6 Alzheimer’s disease.................................................... (G30) 84,691 27.2 24.6 25.1 –2.0 7 Diabetes mellitus .................................................. (E10–E14) 73,282 23.5 21.5 20.8 3.4 8 Influenza and pneumonia ............................................. (J09–J18)4 53,667 17.2 15.7 15.1 4.0 9 10 Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis ......................(N00–N07,N17–N19,N25–N27)5 Intentional self-harm (suicide) ................................... (*U03,X60–X84,Y87.0)2 45,731 38,285 14.7 12.3 13.4 12.0 15.3 12.1 –12.4 –0.8 11 Septicemia ...................................................... (A40–A41) 35,539 11.4 10.5 10.6 –0.9 12 Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis ..................................... (K70,K73–K74) 33,539 10.8 9.7 9.4 3.2 13 Essential hypertension and hypertensive renal disease ........................... (I10,I12,I15) 27,477 8.8 8.0 8.0 0.0 14 Parkinson’s disease................................................ (G20–G21)6 23,107 7.4 7.0 6.8 2.9 15 Pneumonitis due to solids and liquids ......................................... (J69) 18,090 5.8 5.3 5.1 3.9 . . . All other causes .................................................... (residual) 512,723 164.6 . . . . . . . . . . . .Category not applicable.
1Rank based on number of deaths.
2For unintentional injuries, suicides, preliminary and final data may differ significantly because of the truncated nature of the preliminary file.
3New ICD–10 subcategories were introduced for the existing X34 (Victim of earthquake); see Technical Notes.
4New ICD–10 code J12.3 (Human metapneumovirus pneumonia) was added to the category in 2011; see Technical Notes.
5New subcategories replaced previous ones for N18 (Chronic kidney disease) in 2011. Changes affect comparability with previous year’s data; see Technical Notes.
6New ICD–10 code G21.4 (Vascular parkinsonism) was added to the category in 2011; see Technical Notes.
NOTES: Data are subject to sampling and random variation. For information regarding the calculation of standard errors and further discussion of the variability of the data, see Technical Notes.
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