Outline of democracy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Types of democracy
Anticipatory democracy – relies on some degree of disciplined and usually market-informed anticipation of the future, to guide major decisions.
Bioregional democracy – matches geopolitical divisions to natural ecological regions.
Cellular democracy – type of democracy developed by economist Fred E. Foldvary, based on multi-level bottom-up structure based on either small neighborhood governmental districts or contractual communities.[5]
Consensus democracy – democratic rule based on consensus rather than traditional majority rule.
Constitutional democracy – democracy governed by a constitution.
Defensive democracy – situation in which a democratic society has to limit some rights and freedoms in order to protect the institutions of the democracy.
Delegative democracy – a form of democratic control whereby voting power is vested in self-selected delegates, rather than elected representatives.
Deliberative democracy – Democracy in which authentic deliberation, not only voting, is central to legitimate decision making. It adopts elements of both consensus decision-making and majority rule.
Demarchy – has people randomly selected from the citizenry through sortition to either act as general governmental representatives or to make decisions in specific areas of governance (defense, environment, etc.)
Democratic centralism – organizational method where members of a political party discuss and debate matters of policy and direction and after the decision is made by majority vote, all members are expected to follow that decision in public.
Democratic dictatorship (also known as democratur) –
Democratic republic – republic which has democracy through elected representatives
Direct democracy (classically termed pure democracy) – A type of democracy where the people govern directly. E-democracy – comprises the use of electronic communications technologies, such as the Internet, in enhancing democratic processes within a democratic republic or representative democracy.
Athenian democracy (also classical democracy) – a direct democracy developed in ancient times in the Greek city-state of Athens
Economic democracy – theory of democracy involving people having access to subsistence, or equity in living standards.
Emergent democracy – social system in which blogging undermines mainstream media.
Grassroots democracy – emphasizes trust in small decentralized units at the municipal government level, possibly using urban secession to establish the formal legal authority to make decisions made at this local level binding.
Illiberal democracy – has weak or no limits on the power of the elected representatives to rule as they please.
Industrial democracy –
Interactive Democracy – proposed form of democracy utilising information technology to allow citizens to propose new policies, "second" proposals and vote on the resulting laws (that are refined by Parliament) in a referendum.
Intra-Party Democracy – democratic process within a single-party state government. This debated among scholars if the Chinese Communist Party resemble this process during leadership transitions.
Jeffersonian democracy – named after American statesman Thomas Jefferson, who believed in equality of political opportunity (for male citizens), and opposed to privilege, aristocracy and corruption.
Liberal democracy – representative democracy with protection for individual liberty and property by rule of law.
Market democracy – another name for democratic capitalism, an economic ideology based on a tripartite arrangement of a market-based economy based predominantly on economic incentives through free markets, a democratic polity and a liberal moral-cultural system which encourages pluralism.
Multiparty democracy – two-party system requires voters to align themselves in large blocs, sometimes so large that they cannot agree on any overarching principles.
New Democracy – Maoist concept based on Mao Zedong's "Bloc of Four Classes" theory in post-revolutionary China.
Non-partisan democracy – system of representative government or organization such that universal and periodic elections (by secret ballot) take place without reference to political parties.
Open Democratic – system where the public decides how they should be governed and having power to continuously improving the system.
Organic democracy – democracy where the ruler holds a considerable amount of power but, their rule benefits the people. First used by supporters of Bonapartism[6]
Participatory democracy – involves more lay citizen participation decision making and offers greater political representation than traditional representative democracy, e.g., wider control of proxies others trust them with, to those who get directly involved and actually participate.
Popular democracy – a type of direct democracy based on referendums and other devices of empowerment and concretization of popular will.
Radical democracy – type of democracy that focuses on the importance of nurturing and tolerating difference and dissent in decision-making processes.
Representative democracy – indirect democracy where sovereignty is held by the people's representatives. Dominant-party system – democratic party system where only one political party can realistically become the government, by itself or in a coalition government.
Parliamentary democracy – democratic system of government where the executive branch of a parliamentary government is typically a cabinet, and headed by a prime minister who is considered the head of government. Westminster democracy – parliamentary system of government modeled after that of the United Kingdom system.
Jacksonian democracy – form of democracy popularized by President Andrew Jackson promoted the strength of the executive branch and the Presidency at the expense of Congressional power.
Soviet democracy or Council democracy – form of democracy where the workers of a locality elect recallable representatives into organs of power called soviets (councils.) The local soviets elect the members of regional soviets who go on to elect higher soviets.
Totalitarian democracy – system of government in which lawfully elected representatives maintain the integrity of a nation state whose citizens, while granted the right to vote, have little or no participation in the decision-making process of the government.
Sociocracy – democratic system of governance based on consent decision making, circle organization, and double-linked representation.
Religious democracy – Theodemocracy –
Christian democracy –
Islamic democracy –
Workplace democracy –