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http://www.insidehighered.com/views/2005/08/26/johnson
So much more, this is a beginning...
So much more, this is a beginning...
Proving the Critics Case
By KC Johnson
Inside Higher Ed recently reported on four University of Pittsburgh professors critiquing the latest survey suggesting ideological one-sidedness in the academy. According to the Pitt quartet, self-selection accounts for findings that the faculty of elite disproportionately tilts to the Left. Many conservatives, the Pitt professors mused, may deliberately choose not to seek employment at top-tier research universities because they object, on philosophical grounds, to one of the fundamental tenets undergirding such institutions: the scientific method.
Imagine the appropriate outrage that would have occurred had the above critique referred to feminists, minorities, or Socialists. Yet the Pitt quartets line of reasoning that faculty ideological imbalance reflects the academy functioning as it should has appeared with regularity, and has been, unintentionally, most revealing. Indeed, the very defense offered by the academic Establishment, rather than the statistical surveys themselves, has gone a long way toward proving the case of critics who say that the academy lacks sufficient intellectual diversity.
In theory, ideology should have no bearing on how a professor teaches, say, physics. Even so, should responsible administrators worry that the overwhelming partisan disparity is worthy of further inquiry? And, in theory, parents who make their money in traditionally conservative professions such as investment banking or corporate law probably do not encourage their children to enter academe. Yet, as money-making fields have always been attractive to conservatives, why has the proportion of self-professed liberals or Leftists in the academy nearly doubled in the last generation?
Had members of the academic Establishment confined themselves to such arguments (or had they ignored the partisan-breakdown studies altogether), the intellectual diversity issue would have received little attention. Instead, the last two years have seen proud, often inflammatory, defenses of the professoriates ideological imbalance. These arguments, which have fallen into three categories, raise grave concerns about the academys overall direction.
1. The cultural left is, simply, more intelligent than anyone else. As SUNY-Albanys Ron McClamrock reasoned, Lefties are overrepresented in academia because on average, were just f-ing smarter. The first recent survey came in early 2004, when the Duke Conservative Union disclosed that Dukes humanities departments contained 142 registered Democrats and 8 registered Republicans. Philosophy Department chairman Robert Brandon considered the results unsurprising: If, as John Stuart Mill said, stupid people are generally conservative, then there are lots of conservatives we will never hire.
In a slightly different vein, UCLA professor John McCumber informed The New York Times that a successful career in academia, after all, requires willingness to be critical of yourself and to learn from experience, qualities antithetical to Republicanism as it has recently come to be. In another Times article, Berkeley professor George Lakoff asserted that Leftists predominate in the academy because, unlike conservatives, they believe in working for the public good and social justice, as well as knowledge and art for their own sake. Again, imagine the appropriate outcry if prominent academics employed such sweeping generalizations to dismiss statistical disparities suggesting underrepresentation of women, gays, or minorities.
These arguments become even more disturbing given the remarkably broad definition of conservative employed in many academic quarters. Take the case of Yeshiva Universitys Ellen Schrecker, recently elected to a term on the AAUPs general council. This past spring, Schrecker denounced Columbia students who wanted to broaden instruction about the Middle East for trying to impose orthodoxy at this university. The issue, she lamented, amounted to right wing propaganda.
The leaders of the Columbia student group, who ranged from registered Republicans to backers of Ralph Naders 2000 presidential bid, were united only in their belief that matters relating to Israel should be treated objectively in the classroom. Probably 98 percent of the U.S. Congress and all of the nations governors would fit under such a definition of right wing.
Indeed, it seems as if the academic Establishment considers anyone who does not accept the primacy of a race/class/gender interpretation to be conservative. To most outside of the academy, such a definition would suggest that professors are using stereotypes to abuse the inherently subjective nature of the hiring process.
2. A left-leaning tilt in the faculty is a pedagogical necessity, because professors must expose gender, racial, and class bias while promoting peace, diversity and cultural competence. According to Montclair States Grover Furr, colleges and universities do not need a single additional conservative .... What they do need, and would much benefit from, is more Marxists, radicals, leftists all terms conventionally applied to those who fight against exploitation, racism, sexism, and capitalism. We can never have too many of these, just as we can never have too few conservatives.
Furrs remarks echoed those of Connecticut Colleges Rhonda Garelick, who decried student disgruntlement when she used her French class to discuss her opposition to the war in Iraq and teach wakeful political literacy. Rashid Khalidi, meanwhile, rationalized anti-Israel instruction as necessary to undo the false impressions held by all incoming Columbia students except for Arab-Americans, who know that the ideas spouted by the major newspapers, television stations, and politicians are completely at odds with everything they know to be true.
To John Burness, Dukes senior vice president for public affairs, such statements reflect a proper professorial role. The creativity in humanities and social science disciplines, he noted, addresses issues of race, class, and gender, leading to a perfectly logical criticism of the current society in the classroom...