States with Stop and Identify Statutes (for walkers)
The ACLU recommends identifying yourself when asked, unless you are a wanted man, even if it's not such a state, since it removes an excuse for an illegal arrest. If anyone would rather tempt fate, they are free to do so.
But only if the request is asserted with an articulated reasonable suspicion under a level of detention or higher in a
Terry stop.
Stop and identify statutes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
I've been stopped on foot in Arizona a few times when carrying a handgun openly. The respective officer never asserted a detention-level
Terry stop, though one did ask that I identify myself. I then specifically asked him if he were asserting reasonable suspicion of a crime or if this were a casual stop.
"I'm asking you to identify yourself because you have a gun."
"So, this is just a casual stop, right?"
Oops, he already stated it wasn't based on a reasonable suspicion. He grimaced and let me go without identifying myself. It's tricky, especially when you're armed, so be very specific with the officer about why he wants your name or ID. Make him commit. Truth is, Im sure he would have pressed the point had I not been videoing the encounter, and I strongly recommend letting the officer know up front that you are recording the encounter.
Also, I don't do activism. In all these cases I was merely stopped in a store parking lot heading to my car while carrying, which means, no doubt, someone called about me while I was in the store. I recorded with my cell phone.
What cops typically proffer as a basis for reasonable suspicion in these cases in order to get your name or ID is that theyve received a call of public alarm and must investigate and report. It's crap, but if told that while carrying, be polite and give the officer your name. He may not ask for an ID. If he does once you've identified yourself, I would make him state reasonable suspicion in terms of a crime and remind him that's it's legal to carry openly or concealed, for that matter, in the state of Arizona without a permit.
"I'm not responsible for the panicked citizen's ignorance."
But if he still pushes it, let him see your ID. Don't give it to him. That's as far as you can push things in Arizona without getting arrested in all likelihood. In my opinion, the Court's allowance of the lower standard of "reasonable suspicion" is crap, whether it be a de facto violation of the Fourth or the Fifth or not. Unless the cop has probable cause to suspect a crime has in fact been committed by you and what that crime is, he shouldn't be allowed to stop and harass you at all.
Terry is bad law.
A little insider from an Arizonian who has a few friends who are cops. . . .
Arizona is a very gun-friendly state, and lots of folks carry. Most cops in Arizona like folks who carry. They're used to it. Not threatened by it. Cops are required as a matter of policy to
Terry stop you or at least drive by and eye you on one of these calls. If it's a "store-call" the more experienced cops have the dispatcher call the store and determine whether its an alarmed customer or an employee who called it in. If they can ascertain that its the former and a simple carry alarm, most times theyll simply eye you as you exit the store. If you look okay and obviously didn't rob anyone, that's that. Sometimes theyre eye you to your car, pass by, grab your plate and run it. Comes back clean, that's that. You may not even know youve been checked out.
I must have looked dangerous. Must be the beard or maybe the tattoo. LOL!