Well, what I was describing was in the 70's. Back then competition was fierce, there were no "districts", and many teams traveled out of state for the big tournaments. Like college basketball, there were national rankings.
I found myself in the perfect position. First, as a freshman I got teamed up with a senior. He had came in contact with an older guy that had traveled the national circuit, by private jet just like I described. He "coached" us and we were soon dominating the local circuit. I was first affirmative and first negative, really just along for the ride, but I got strong experience.
At the time the school I attended was in the Guiness Book of World Records, longest losing streak for a high school football team. Over 60 loses, and when they saw a debate team bringing home trophies weekend after weekend they went full boat behind us. By my junior year I was pretty much a Monday through Wednesday student, Thursday was a travel day, nice hotels, meals paid for. Friday and Saturday were competition. By this point I was second affirmative or second negative, often flipping rebuttals. My partner was a Miss America runner-up, drop dead gorgeous and smart as a tack. The other team, and the judge, would be all entranced by her beauty and then I would step up and reek total destruction. We made our way into the national rankings.
The thing is, it wasn't just me. The knowledge that was given to me, the tactics I was taught, was passed on to others. A school often ridiculed for its "backwardness" was soon delivering fear to some of the finest schools in the country. The 1989 film "Listen to Me" is an appropriate example of what happened, although that involved the college circuit.
But yes, there is still a high school debate circuit. The National Forensics League still exists. But schools are hard pressed to finance those teams, and often times it is completely extracurricular. In my case, it was a real class, the only class you could take year after year and still get credit. And by my senior year our budget was bigger than any sports team. That could never happen today.