Budget wise, it's shared. Provincial governments are responsible for delivery and management.
Thanks Said, I wondered about that. Slight difference here (much smaller population and a smaller physical size in our country as well) is that individuals are given a national card (Medicare card) and don't need to worry in which state or territory they are, so they don't need to advise or make arrangements if they're going to another state or territory. But budget wise similar to Canada then, the feds provide much of the money (although the previous government tried to get the states and territories to put in more money than they had before) but service delivery is handled at the state/territory level.
The federal government provides a health transfer - equalization. What the provinces do with the money is up to them, as long as their budgets are equal, relative to their needs. In short, the fed gov makes up for what they can not raise themselves through taxation. We're Ok traveling too, our provincial plan is good if you're hurt elsewhere.
The gov of Quebec has the most private system. They've allowed private clinics in areas we could use to shorten waits at hospitals. Ontario has responded by keeping things like MRI machines running 24/7.
I know I've mentioned this before, but one of the biggest bones in the system is fluctuating populations. When the province finally catches up with needs, people are moving on to the next boom town. It's rumored Alberta is headed for a crash, all of a sudden areas that were fine before will be over burdened and Alberta will be closing hospitals.