I took a look at both of these cases.
Cases V was, more or less, an illegal weapons dealer who was running illegal ammo in large quantities. His defense was that the laws for the US did not apply since it was done in Puerto Rico and not the US.
Uhhhhh, no.
Let's look at what you missed in
Cases . . .
In
Cases, the 1st Circuit in examining the 2nd Amendment claim, looked at the Supreme Court's decision in
Miller and noted that while SCOTUS said it was "not within judicial notice" that the shotgun there had military usefulness, it actually was in common knowledge that just about any modern firearm meets the
Miller protection criteria:
"the rule of the Miller case, if intended to be comprehensive and complete would seem to be already outdated, in spite of the fact that it was formulated only three and a half years ago, because of the well known fact that in the so called 'Commando Units' some sort of military use seems to have been found for almost any modern lethal weapon.
The
Cases court goes on and explains what legal circumstances --
regarding the possession and use of guns by private citizens -- would be compelled if the "Miller rule" were to be enforced:
In view of this, if the rule of the Miller case is general and complete, the result would follow that, under present day conditions, the federal government would be empowered only to regulate the possession or use of weapons such as a flintlock musket or a matchlock harquebus. But to hold that the Second Amendment limits the federal government to regulations concerning only weapons which can be classed as antiques or curiosities,-- almost any other might bear some reasonable relationship to the preservation or efficiency of a well regulated militia unit of the present day,-- is in effect to hold that the limitation of the Second Amendment is absolute.
Another objection to the rule of the Miller case as a full and general statement is that according to it Congress would be prevented by the Second Amendment from regulating the possession or use by private persons not present or prospective members of any military unit, of distinctly military arms, such as machine guns, trench mortars, anti-tank or anti-aircraft guns . . . "
This hyperbolic description of course was deemed unacceptable (even though it was correct). The
Cases court then opined (without any legal justification) that the framers couldn't possibly have intended to bind Congress so strictly.
OK, now the
Cases court had a clean slate. The Cases court turns to the facts of the case and since the "Miller rule" is now thrown aside, the focus of SCOTUS to discern and decide if a type of arm has 2nd Amendment protection --
military usefulness, can also be cast aside.
The
Cases court (after acknowledging that the revolver would be protected under Miller) substitutes the focus on the weapon's usefulness, for a focus on the mindset of the person and
a mandate for his physical attachment to a military organization before claiming any 2nd Amendment immunity. The
Cases court changes the rule:
"We therefore turn to the record in the case at bar. From it it appears that on or about August 27, 1941, the appellant received into his possession and carried away ten rounds of ammunition, and that on the evening of August 30 of the same year he went to Annadale's Beach Club on Isla Verde in the municipality of Carolina, Puerto Rico, equipped with a .38 caliber Colt type revolver of Spanish make which, when some one turned out the lights, he used, apparently not wholly without effect, upon another patron of the place who in some way seems to have incurred his displeasure. While the weapon may be capable of military use, or while at least familiarity with it might be regarded as of value in training a person to use a comparable weapon of military type and caliber, still there is no evidence that the appellant was or ever had been a member of any military organization or that his use of the weapon under the circumstances disclosed was in preparation for a military career."
And
Abracadabra! The "militia right" interpretation of the 2nd Amendment was created and inserted into the federal courts of the USA.
Heller invalidated this illegitimate reasoning and rendered infirm the dozens of subsequent lower court opinions that are grounded in
Cases v US.
I'll do
Tot for the "state's right" later tonite . . .