The concept of "unfolding of time" is very closely related to the concept of "complex time" - which has been used quite extensively in the physics literature.
Complex time means: you're mapping into the PHASE of an oscillation. So, if you insist on a mechanistic explanation, start in Section 3.1
Understanding the fundamental mechanisms governing fluctuating oscillations in large-scale cortical circuits is a crucial prelude to a proper knowledge of their role in both adaptive and pathological cortical processes. Neuroscience research in this area has much to gain from understanding the...
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What we're dealing with, fundamentally, is coupled oscillators. The size of "an" oscillator is very small, a few neurons. The Kuramoto model describes what happens when you get lots and lots of these oscillators connected together.
In a nutshell what happens is the PHASE relationships get mapped into their own "dimension", a dimension which does not exist in the source.
We know of three specific computational examples: space-time mapping in the hippocampus, delay line mapping in the cerebellum, and the alpha rhythm in the EEG of the cerebral cortex.
The alpha rhythm, when seen with EEG, is top down. It starts in the supragranular layers of cortex in the higher level systems, and eventually descends into the deep layers of the primary sensory systems, and subsequently into the thalamus of the brain (which is like a big egg sitting on top of the brain stem). The alpha wave itself propagates from the front of the brain to the back, ending at the occipital pole. Its purpose is to PHASE ENCODE related local information. Turns out, this phase encoding scheme supports the entirety of Pearl's do-calculus, and then some.
Bottom line: instead of the "feed forward with lateral inhibition" model prevalent only a few years ago, what we have is a bunch of coupled oscillators being "shaped" by the input signal. The interactions between the phase differentials constitute a synthetic dimension in relation to the input signal.
For "spatial perception", this method is used to construct a single egocentric 3-d body map from a variety of sensory inputs (like, the eyes, which don't see in back). For "consciousness", this method is used to map TIME instead of space. Consciousness is, in fact, an unfolding of TIME. This is "required" to process causality. It's not the whole story, but it's a big part of it.
You've heard probably that God is "timeless", eternal. Well, man's real time window is less than one second on either side of 'now" - but if the window were bigger, it could be eternal.