Izhar Cohen
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Why Climate Skeptics Are Wrong[/FONT]
At some point in the history of all scientific theories, only a minority of scientists—or even just one—supported them, before evidence accumulated to the point of general acceptance. The Copernican model, germ theory, the vaccination principle, evolutionary theory, plate tectonics and the big bang theory were all once heretical ideas that became consensus science. How did this happen?
An answer may be found in what 19th-century philosopher of science William Whewell called a “consilience of inductions.” For a theory to be accepted, Whewell argued, it must be based on more than one induction—or a single generalization drawn from specific facts. It must have multiple inductions that converge on one another, independently but in conjunction. “Accordingly the cases in which inductions from classes of facts altogether different have thus jumped together,” he wrote in his 1840 book The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences, “belong only to the best established theories which the history of science contains.” Call it a “convergence of evidence.”
Consensus science is a phrase often heard today in conjunction with anthropogenic global warming (AGW). Is there a consensus on AGW? There is. The tens of thousands of scientists who belong to the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Chemical Society, the American Geophysical Union, the American Medical Association, the American Meteorological Society, the American Physical Society, the Geological Society of America, the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and, most notably, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change all concur that AGW is in fact real. Why?
It is not because of the sheer number of scientists. After all, science is not conducted by poll. As Albert Einstein said in response to a 1931 book skeptical of relativity theory entitled 100 Authors against Einstein, “Why 100? If I were wrong, one would have been enough.” The answer is that there is a convergence of evidence from multiple lines of inquiry—pollen, tree rings, ice cores, corals, glacial and polar ice-cap melt, sea-level rise, ecological shifts, carbon dioxide increases, the unprecedented rate of temperature increase—that all converge to a singular conclusion. AGW doubters point to the occasional anomaly in a particular data set, as if one incongruity gainsays all the other lines of evidence. But that is not how consilience science works. For AGW skeptics to overturn the consensus, they would need to find flaws with all the lines of supportive evidence andshow a consistent convergence of evidence toward a different theory that explains the data. (Creationists have the same problem overturning evolutionary theory.) This they have not done.
Rather long, but sums up the findings of scientists. And if you want the names of the scientists on the board of the various Scientific Societies, they are on the sites of those societies. Look them up for yourself.
I love consensus. Consensus showed us that animal fat was bad and that trans fats would save us from sickness and heart disease.
Umm, until it didn't.
Know what I think? I think that if science can, for decades, make a mistake on how a single substance reacts with a human body, that for them to be sure of how a dynamic system like the climate, involving hundreds of ever changing variables is worse than folly.
My analogy still stands. Climate science today is so new that it is like a cave man trying to do brain surgery with a club. They have no idea if they have all the variables that affect climate, and even if they did, how those variables would affect the climate.
Mark
The science behind the computer you're typing this on is newer than climate studies. Do you trust it to do what you want it to do? If you get sick and go to the doctor, the medicine he gives you very likely will be newer than climate studies. Do you tell him no thanks, you don't trust his medicine? The jet engines in the plane you last flew on is newer than climate studies. What in god's name were you thinking getting on and flying thirty thousand feet in the air. So, you're argument there is crap.
As in all human endeavors, science makes mistakes. But the nice thing about the scientific method is that those mistakes are found and they are corrected. And the more a theory is tested and experiments repeated and predictions checked and falsifications attempted and failed, the more likely it is that a theory is correct. You will always be able to find examples of science making mistakes but the reason you know about those mistakes is that it WAS science and science always checks and that gives science the best chance, at any point, of being correct.