In the 40s people were united. Things were tough for everyone, but they believed in their soldiers and their country. We didn't have a divider in chief leading the nation.
Good will and belief doesn't produce goods and services or create jobs. The economy recovered in the 40's because the government created so much work there was a shortage of labor. From directly created jobs - like draftee - to the jobs created in the private industry as part of the massive war machine - anyone who wanted a job and was willing to work hard could get one - even women could get jobs doing things women never did, like building airplanes. Thus EVERYONE had money to spend. When WW II closed, all those soldiers came home to savings they and often their wives had accumulated and to the benefits of having served - and they spent spent spent - stimulating the private sector into creating jobs as the post-war government payroll declined.
Things were a lot harder then, everything was rationed so there was enough money to fight the war. People were proud to step up to do what was necessary. This is not the 40s and we have no clue how to do it like our grandparents and great-grandparents did. We have a spoiled entitlement generation that thinks everyone should pay higher taxes, well that is everyone but them.
I'm fine with paying higher taxes depending on what I get in return. In particular, I'm willing to pay higher taxes for national health care and for reducing the deficit - or preferably, both. I'm not fine with paying higher taxes simply because the guy making 10 X as much as me hired a lobbyist to shift some of his tax burden onto me.
EDIT: You have of course, hit on an important distinction. The way in which people spent their increasing incomes in the 40's and 50's was different than the way people would do it now. Back then - they'd take their savings and put 30% down on a 15 year house note - now people blow all their extra money on crap and try to get no money down 30 or even 40 year loans. They wind up running up huge credit card bills because they have no rainy day savings to fall back on - and the interest burden on those credit cards reducing their long term standard of living. I think the reason there is such contrast between the spenders of the 40's and 50's and the consumers of now is that the Great Depression was still fresh in people's minds in the 40's and 50's. They knew what economic hardship was and no one wanted to live through that again - so they saved much of their income to prepare for a repeat depression.