But you do, albeit indirectly, get to choose who your Senators are, by electing state representatives who will support your choice for who that will be.
What's happening at the core boils down to a variation on the electoral college within the states.
Not really think about this for a moment, let's say that your state rep. happens to be someone you did not vote for and happens to support a candidate for Senate along with a majority of those in the State legislature that would not otherwise garner votes from the general public in a direct election. In that regard, the Senator of that State was not elected by the people but was elected by an Agent. It's much along the same lines as say Sec. of State. , the current holder of the White House picks a Sec. of State who is then voted on , however if you did not vote for that President, you have little to do with the current Sec. of State. One other thing of note here is this, while it's fun to debate this issue the 17th will never be repealed because at its core those that seek to repeal it seek to take away the right to vote for a Senator directly and not only that , you would have to to get 2/3rds of the states to agree to it which won't happen.
Think of it this way, if the Senate was done away with all together, then if you happen live in those Red States, you will soon find yourself at the mercy of a small number of blue states or at the very least one party which happens to dominate the bigger more populated states would in turn make most of the laws for every other state, and I suspect those who founded this nation had an idea about this and thus the reason why we have a Senate.