"Bailing out the banks" was merely a byproduct. There was a primary problem of falling prices thoughout the world economy. A mortgage backed security nominally worth a dollar in Feb. 2007 were worth less, and nobody knew how much less, because the US housing market was in it's early stages of decline. The interbank system no longer supported commercial paper. In plain English, what this meant was a US importer could not raise a dollar in debt/capital to buy a dollar of Chinese imports ... because no one was willing to buy that dollar for a dollar and a penny. In response the FDIC did this:
"Newly issued debt guarantee: The FDIC is providing a guarantee of all newly issued senior unsecured debt, including promissory notes, commercial paper, inter-bank funding, and any unsecured portion of secured debt, issued by FDIC-insured depository institutions, U.S. bank holding companies, U.S. financial holding companies, and certain U.S. savings and loan holding companies. The amount of debt covered by the guarantee may not exceed 125% of debt that was outstanding as of September 30, 2008, and was scheduled to mature before June 30, 2009, but otherwise is unlimited. The guarantee applies to debt issued on or before June 30, 2009, and the guarantee will only extend through June 30, 2012, even if the debt has not matured. After the first 30 days, there will be an annualized fee of 75 basis points. The FDIC estimates that about $1.4 trillion of unsecured debt will be covered by this guarantee"
FDIC Press Releases - PR-100-2008 10 14 2008
Yahoo Groups
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It turned out that while actions like that and similar actions globally did save the interbank system. However, that was not enough as the general malaise (-: set in with housing prices falling, and consumer demand falling. Global deflation would have been Great Depression Redeaux
"Crude oil prices, for instance, have fallen more than 63 percent from their July peak of $145.29 a barrel, to $53.62 on Wednesday. The national average price for unleaded gasoline is now $2.05 a gallon, down from $2.92 a month earlier, according to AAA, the auto club. In fact, it now seems clear that the nation is entering a more frugal era after several years of conspicuous consumption.
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Still, the so-called core price index — which excludes energy and food — was down a more modest 0.1 percent. The prices of goods and services like meat, alcohol, medical care and education increased in October.
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“It would take significant and persistent contraction in the economy to push core inflation into negative territory,” said Dean Maki, an economist at Barclays Capital in New York. “We do not think that is likely, especially given the aggressive policy response on the part of the Fed and Treasury.”
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“The Fed is going to ram liquidity into the financial system whether it is asking for it or not, just going out and buying assets and printing money in order to do it,” said Alan D. Levenson, chief economist at T. Rowe Price. “If you jam money into everyone’s pocket, they will spend it..” "
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/20/business/economy/20econ.html?pagewanted=1&_r=0
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So, actually we all got bailed out. True, we taxpayers gave about a trillion in rusty trombone. But, again as I asked, what's the alternative. Doing nothing was not an option. An "orderly bankruptcy" had already been tried at Lehman with not so good results. I don't think it's possible to regulate how much capital in card hold cash (or federal debt) has to be held against how much risk. We can set basic guidelines, but quantifying risk is ... a guess. I think really all we can do is akin to GS in limiting what money can be bet against specific debt.