Dr. Enroth tackles spiritual abuse head-on in his introduction: "Unlike physical abuse that often results in bruised bodies, spiritual and pastoral abuse leaves scars on the psyche and soul. It is inflicted by persons who are accorded respect and honor in our society by virtue of their role as religious leaders and models of spiritual authority." Churches That Abuse is a powerful, well-documented exposé about "battered believers and abused Christians," most of whom define themselves as "born-again Christians," individuals spiritually abused by churches and leaders that are evangelical or fundamentalist in theological orientation.
Abusive churches, according to Dr. Enroth, are not a phenomenon peculiar to current times. Paralleling abusive churches of the past with those of today, Enroth presents characteristics that serve as reliable warning signals:
There is strong, control-oriented leadership.
The use of guilt, fear, and intimidation by the leadership to manipulate members and keep them in line.
Followers led to think that there is no other church quite like theirs, and that God has singled them out for a special purpose.
Other, more traditional churches are put down as being less "holy."
Subjective experience, especially public or group testimonials (sometimes coached), are encouraged and emphasized.
Many areas of members' lives are subject to scrutiny, and the church standards established are usually based upon the life-style adopted by the leader.
Rules and legalism abound.
Members not following rules established by the leadership (or threatening exposure of the manipulation and abuse) are often labeled "reprobates" or "dupes of Satan," and are dealt with harshly. Ostracism of former members and excommunication of dissenters are common.
For members choosing to leave a spiritually abusive church, returning to the realm of normalcy is difficult.
Churches That Abuse