Sorry but you are not going to like this. Try again. There is a reason Obama has made the repubs look silly encounter after encounter.
IQ scores not accurate marker of intelligence, study shows
That article is also largely BS. While modern IQ testing may not be perfect, it is extremely effective in gauging cognitive ability. The study cited in the article actually serves to improve successive generations of IQ tests, not debunk IQ testing.
First, the article itself is problematic in the conclusions that it draws. was an "online" study. But then it talks about brain scans that were done on participants. These statements do not jive, and while by themselves might not bear substantially on the results of the study, they highlight the fact that at the very least the article has some very sloppy reporting going on.
The article largely appeals to a very incredulous idea that there are "multiple intelligences" and that it is therefore impossible to gauge "overall" intelligence because it would be like trying to compare apples and oranges. This theory on intelligence is not substantially supported by the scientific community. In fact, it is largely regarded as a failure to understand mainstream theory on the matter. Proponents of the "multiple intelligence" theory tend to mistakenly believe that "singular" intelligence, for lack of a better name, is necessarily limited to a narrow range of abilities. They essentially argue that diverse abilities are all individually manifestations of distinct intelligences.
At first, this distinction might itself seem rather inoculous and mostly academic squabbling. But it might also be worth while to understand the deeper fundamental differences at work in these two camps. The "multiple intelligence" theory largely owes its existence to less than sophisticated attempts at explaining differences in performance on IQ assessments across cultural and racial lines. In order to understand why IQ tests might have once seemed to be biased in times past, the idea that the tests were "missing" an "other" intelligence was offered. Largely without any meaningful evidence to support it, the hypothesis is that in a multiple intelligence world, a test developer would tend to write a test that measures the type of intelligence that he himself possesses.
Another fundamental difference in thinking that exists is that the multiple intelligence school of thought tends to be highly determinist-materialistic. In that I mean that people subscribing to this thinking tend to focus much more heavily on human cognition as a purely material function of brain activity. In essence, they believe that there is no such thing as the human
mind. There is merely electrical activity in the brain, and the resulting sensation of
being that we all feel is merely an illusion. The implications on this principle on the multiple intelligence way of thinking is that all cognitive activity is "intelligence." This idea is sometimes taken to such degree as to claim that instinctual behaviors (for example, a newborn suckling a mother's breast) are a form of "built in" intelligence.
This is the idea that is being essentially presented by the article. It's become a favorite of un/marginally informed liberalized laypersons who are looking for evidence that "everyone is special" or for an excuse to build a world of participation trophies. It's really quite sad, because the even though the science itself is faulty, the science also deserves more than to be politicized and to become associated with bad political ideas. Really, it's the science itself that should be evaluated for its merits and/or shortcomings, which is why you should really look directly to the study itself.
The study does not actually make the claims that the article suggests, or draws out of it. The summary states:
- We propose that human intelligence is composed of multiple independent components
- Each behavioral component is associated with a distinct functional brain network
- The higher-order “g” factor is an artifact of tasks recruiting multiple networks
- The components of intelligence dissociate when correlated with demographic variables
What the researchers are saying here actually isn't so earth shattering as the article would have you think. Let's take the first point: We propose that human intelligence is composed of multiple independent components. This is largely something that is already understood. There are a great many things that combine to form intelligence, and modern IQ tests are designed to assess as many of these factors as possible.
The second point: Each behavioral component is associated with a distinct functional brain network. Again, this is not remarkable by itself. It's something we already know.
Third point: The higher-order “g” factor is an artifact of tasks recruiting multiple networks. Now this is a juicy one, and it tells us alot. Mind you, the idea is not novel. In fact, in some ways it's a bit mundane itself. But the nature of the intangible "g" is the meat and potatoes of studying human intelligence. Here, the authors' are telling us that they believe they've been able to actually observe g in action in a tangible way. We already believe g to be a sort of tiered pyramid, whereby smaller factors serve as a base upon which other factors rest, all leading to g at the zenith. The authors' ideas here are in line with the idea that multiple factors contribute to g, but seems to imply that g might be something that is less about structure and more about access. Or to put it a bit more plainly: The authors are arguing that instead of intelligence being a sort of sum total of a various cognitive abilities, maybe it is the degree of accessibility a person is able to employ through the execution of a task.
For example, note the following graphic from the paper, and it's caption:
Figure 3.
Determining Whether Cross-component Correlations in the Behavioral Factor Analysis Are Accounted for by the Tasks Recruiting Multiple Independent Functional Brain Networks
A cognitive task can measure a combination of noise, task-specific components, and components that are general, contributing to the performance of multiple tasks. In the current study, there were three first-order components: reasoning, short-term memory (STM), and verbal processing. In classical intelligence testing, the first-order components are invariably correlated positively when allowed to rotate into oblique orientations. A factor analysis of these correlations may be undertaken to estimate a second-order component and this is generally denoted as “g.” “g” may be generated from distinct sources: task mixing, the tendency for tasks to corecruit multiple systems, and diffuse factors that contribute to the capacities of all of those systems. When simulations were built based on the brain imaging data, the correlations between the first-order components from the behavioral study were entirely accounted for by tasks corecruiting multiple functional networks.