Sure I cut/pasted that. It's in my archives and I know where it is because you dipstick history revisionists keep bringing this crapola out expecting different results. I've got it all down.
There were other similar hate groups after that period as well. Such as the American Protective Assiciation (APA) (Iowa 1887-1914) (which targeted Catholics); White Caps (Indiana 1888-1906)
By 1896, claiming 2.5 million members nationwide, the APA dominated local politics in Omaha, Kansas City, Toledo, Rockford, Duluth, Saginaw and Louisville while boasting strong outposts in Detroit, St.Louis and Denver --
The APA was not the Klan but the years it flourished built up a ready-made audience for the new KKK as APA was phasing out.
On the other end of the temporal spectrum there were post-Klan groups like the "Black Legion" in the midwest, which were believed to have killed Malcolm X's father.
>> Initially, the Black Legion was part of the Klan. Founded in the 1920s in the Appalachian region of
East Central Ohio by William Shepard, who formed a paramilitary force called the
Black Guard. Original mission was to protect regional officers of the
Klan. Black Legion formed chapters all across Ohio, and expanded into other areas of the Midwestern US.
... Like the KKK, the Black Legion was largely made up of native-born
white men in the Midwest, many originally having been displaced from the culture and economy of the rural South, they felt increasingly alienated as they were consigned to unskilled labor on the lower rungs of the industrial economy of major cities like
Detroit. Resented having to compete for jobs/housing with
black migrants and Jewish & Catholic immigrants from
Southern and
Eastern Europe. Their enemies list "included all immigrants,
Catholics,
Jews and
blacks, nontraditional Protestant faiths,
labor unions,
farm cooperatives and various fraternal groups."
[3] Membership concentrated in Michigan and Ohio. (esp. Highland Park)
Black Legion members created a network for jobs and influence. In addition, as a secret
vigilante group, the Black Legion members operated in gangs in order to enforce their view of society, sometimes attacking immigrants to intimidate them at work, or to enforce their idea of moral behavior. They generally opposed socialism and union organizing, and had a reputation for frequent violence against alleged enemies, whether political or social.From 1933 to 1936, they were rumored to be responsible for some unsolved deaths, which had been officially attributed to suicide or unknown perpetrators.
... The legion had various fronts to cover its activities, such as the Wayne County Rifle and Pistol Club, whose members frequented a downtown Detroit sporting goods store with a backroom firing range. It also had a political front as well, the Wolverine Republican Club.
…In general, they were beset by the feeling that although their ancestral roots in America stretched back to the nation’s earliest years they were
being left behind; believed foreigners were competing for jobs they considered their own, that Jews and Catholics were
supplanting Protestants among the nation’s influential political and economic leaders, and that
racial integration was leading America to social anarchy. << ---
The Murder that Brought Down the Black Legion --- Wiki:
Black Legion