In 1944, John T. Flynn put forth eight points that he considered the main marks of the fascist state. They include: 1) government acknowledges no restraint on its powers, 2) government is a de facto dictatorship, with one sector dominating, 3) a capitalist system is administered by the government using an immense bureaucracy, 4) Producers are organized into cartels with special politically-granted privileges (syndicalism), 5) Economic planning is based on autarky (requiring extremely large territory and trade hegemony), 6) Economic life is sustained through spending and borrowing, 7) Militarism is the mainstay of government spending, and 8) Military spending has imperialist (global) aims.