So you agree with the Clausius statement...heat cannot spontaneously flow from a cold system to a hot system without external work being performed on the system? You agree with that statement? After all, you provided it.
Yep.
And heat is energy?
Yep. But photons aren't heat, so they can go anywhere as long as thermal energy caused by photon absorption doesn't violate Clausius's statement. He talks about heat flow, not photon flow.
Are photons energy? Heat is just what we call photons as they move from place to place.
When the matter is heated does the photon absorbed by electrons of atoms or by atoms themself?
In heat transfer by radiation, photons do carry the energy.
https://www.physics.ohio-state.edu/p670/textbook/Chap_5.pdf
If the cans of OJ are touching in the insulated chest, they exchange heat primarily by conduction. If the cans are not touching, they exchange heat by radiation. When objects exchange heat via thermal radiation, they do so by an exchange of energy from radiated photons (electromagnetic radiation).
Here is an easy one...pretty pictures of ducks...
Physics for Kids: Photons and Light
Photons behave like particles in that they can interact with matter. In some cases the energy of the photon is absorbed by the matter. In this case the extra energy may be emitted as heat.
And on and on and on....it is well known that heat is the movement of energy from one place to another...when that energy is moving in the form of radiation...it is photons moving from a warm area to a cool area...heat, in the case of radiation..is photons.
Strange that you would not know this...
So how about that..you agree that energy can not move spontaneously from cool to warm...glad we finally got that hammered out.