Firstly, putting down a bare link with no reference to what idea it is supposedly supporting or where in the link the pertinent information is to be found will be summarily ignored by me. If you are too lazy to express your point in your own words then don't expect me to be industrious enough to read a whole article, digest the information, guess at what YOU thought was important, and then respond in a coordinated fashion. I am not a mind reader, and your ideas are not logical enough to infer from scattered clues.
As I said, if you are too damned lazy to look up the pertinent passages, just let me know and I will help you out when I have time....so here...
Handbook of Crystal Growth
20.4.2.1 let us first consider an opaque body at high temperature. The Stefan-Boltzmann law states that the total emitted energy from a black surface into a vacuum, is given by…….
Heat Flux-based Emissivity Measurement
An energy balance is then used to determine the emissivity through the Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation. To do this, an enclosure of uniform temperature capable of holding high vacuum is used to act as a blackbody simulating radiation to deep space.
An Objectivist Individualist: The Stefan-Boltzmann Law at a Non-Vacuum Interface: Misuse by Global Warming Alarmists
I have
previously pointed out that the Stefan-Boltzmann Law actually only tells us the amount of radiation emitted by a surface into a vacuum. A surface in contact with another material will lose energy by other mechanisms, so one must apply the law of Conservation of Energy to determine the actual amount of radiation in many cases of material contact across an interface.
An Objectivist Individualist: Infrared-Absorbing Gases and the Earth's Surface Temperature
The Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation applies to a surface radiating into vacuum, not into an atmosphere able to provide competing cooling processes due to air conduction, air convection, and water evaporation.
https://dauwhe.github.io/epub-zero/acme-publishing/HeatRadiation/OPS/s013-Chapter-004.xhtml
Stefan-Boltzmann Law of Radiation
61. For the following we imagine a perfectly evacuated hollow cylinder with an absolutely tight-fitting piston free to move in a vertical direction with no friction. A part of the walls of the cylinder, say the rigid bottom, should consist of a black body, whose temperature T may be regulated arbitrarily from the outside. The rest of the walls including the inner surface of the piston may be assumed as totally reflecting. Then, if the piston remains stationary and the temperature, T, constant, the radiation in the vacuum will, after a certain time, assume the character of black radiation (Sec. 50) uniform in all directions. The specific intensity, K, and the volume density, u, depend only on the temperature, T, and are independent of the volume, V, of the vacuum and hence of the position of the piston.
Hans Jelbring: The Stefan-Boltzmann Law and the Construction of a Perpetuum Mobile
The ratio between the temperatures of the sphere surfaces will be calculated when the spheres have reached an energetic equilibrium. Such is the case when each sphere is receiving/emitting equal total power according to the S-B law. Some postulates are needed:
1 Any point on both spheres emits photons in any direction within a half sphere with the same probability.
2 S-B law is valid in vacuum.
3 The radius of the inner sphere is R1. The radius of the outer is R2. R1 < R2.
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1109.5444.pdf
In conclusion, we have examined radiative heat transfer inside hyperbolic metamaterials.
We have shown that the broadband divergence of the photonic density of states leads to gi- ant increase in radiative heat transfer compared to the Stefan-Boltzmann law in vacuum and in dielectric materials.
The single term, single object form of the S-B equation deals with radiation produced by that single object. No more, no less. The environment makes no difference to the amount of radiation produced by the object, which is defined by the temperature of the object.
Yes it does...but what you don't seem bright enough to grasp is that the ONLY place you can have a single object is in a vacuum..if you are not in a vacuum, by necessity you have an atmosphere which is then another object...and the equation switches from
(which describes a theoretical perfect black body radiating into a vacuum) to
which describes a black body (perfect or imperfect) radiating into surroundings other than a vacuum.
The second S-B equation is more complex. It involves two objects, each of which has its radiation defined by an iteration of the first S-B equation.
Yeah, you keep saying that...because you apparently are not bright enough to read a clear statement from one of the top physics departments in the world and grasp the disconnect between what you say, and they say....here, let me repeat what the physics department at Georgia State University says about the second S-B equation...
Georgia State University said:
where e is the emissivity of the object (e = 1 for ideal radiator). If the hot object is
radiating energy to its cooler surroundings at temperature Tc, the net
radiation loss rate takes the form
COOLER SURROUNDINGS ian, not another object...unless of course, you are ready to admit that an atmosphere itself is another object...which is precisely what the S-B law states if you weren't to thick to grasp the obvious.
The net flow between two areas on the two objects can be determined.
Yeah, about that.....let me know when the second law of thermodynamics...or any of the laws of thermodynamics are rewritten to state that energy exchange is a net flow proposition...till then, don't bother to say it because not only does it mean nothing...it runs contrary to the laws of thermodynamics which say nothing about net energy exchanges.
The first equation is reasonably simple, the second equation rapidly escalates in complexity and is only valid for specific areas that are different than the areas next to them.
Why yes it is..and yet, you don't seem to be able to grasp its meaning...what do you think about that mr wizard?
