When you combine all the investor wealth in the world together, there were tens of trillions of dollars available.
There were not enough good borrowers on the planet to invest all that money in, and so Wall Street used derivatives which they believed eliminated risk which had the result of undermining the underwriting laws of the Universe. Lending standards were lowered in order to put all that cash to work. Lowered, and then lowered again, and then lowered some more.
The middle men (the bankers) get a fee every time they succeed in getting investor cash into a borrower's hands, and so they had every motivation in the world to keep the music playing.
It is as simple as that.
This was going on all over the world, not just here in the US. This is the part the "because CRA" tards are ignorant of.
Look at why AIG failed. They failed because they had written credit default swaps against toxic CDOs, and they did not have any cash reserves set aside to cover those swaps because they believed the CDOs were rock solid. They thought they were getting free money from the swaps. They never believed they were ever going to have to pay out on a single one.
In the beginning of CDOs and swaps, that line of thinking was correct, but it became completely corrupted by greed.
Lehman Brothers acquired its own supply chain of mortgage brokers to feed their CDO manufacturing process. CDOs they were manufacturing to sell to investors in exchange for fees. If they couldn't make any more CDOs, they could not make any more fees, and so the supply chain had to start shoving more and more toxic loans into the pipeline to keep the game going after all the low risk borrowers were used up.
To offset the risks, they bought CDS from companies like AIG CP. AIG never did the due diligence on these CDOs until it was too late. AIG CP's boss was under the impression that no more than 10 percent of the loans in the CDOs being made were subprime, when in actuality it was approaching 90 percent.
Once AIG realized this, they notified Wall Street they were no longer going to sell swaps. This was in 2006. AIG believed it had gotten out of the game in time, but it hadn't.
When AIG got out of the swaps market, Wall Street, instead of stopping the music based on this information, started selling synthetic CDOs to their investors. These synthetic CDOs were mountains of toxic credit default swap policies which transferred all the risk of the CDOs onto the investors themselves. The investors never fully realized this. All they knew was that when they bought a tranche of a synthetic CDO, they began getting steady revenue streams. What they did not fully realize was that those revenue streams were, basically, insurance premium payments, which meant they were the insurers, which meant they were on the hook for any losses experienced by those swaps.
That's what imploded AIG and Lehman and all the others. As people's mortgages began resetting and they could not make their payments, the losses were felt in the CDOs, and this triggered calls on the credit default swaps written against them. And since they sellers of these swaps never kept any cash reserves to cover any losses, they collapsed. And as companies began collapsing, no one knew what other banks were zombies and which ones were not. And this froze everything. No bank wanted to lend to another bank.
This problem was magnified by the fact that not only were the holders of those CDOs allowed to buy CDS against them, ANYONE could buy CDS against them, and they did.
This is like me being able to buy a life insurance policy against your life, even though I don't stand to lose anything if you die.
If anyone could buy a life insurance policy against your life, and had nothing to lose and everything to gain by your death, how safe would you be?
Exactly.
And that is what happened with derivatives. There were some actors who realized they had everything to gain and nothing to lose by creating extremely toxic investment product which they could then bet against. This was just the extra spice in the whole picture.
Nevertheless, even honest actors were buying CDS against CDOs they did not have an insurable interest in.
If you had a $200,000 house, and ten people all had a fire insurance policy against it, and that house burned down, the result is that instead of the insurance company experiencing a $200,000 loss, they experience a $2 million loss. All thanks to derivatives.
That is what happened here and around the world.