The significance is that an adrupt climate change will disrupt both agriculture and the distribution system that modern civilization depends on. With the resultant famines. In June, Russia was predicting a harvest of grain that would exceed 93 million tons, 18 million tons over what Russia uses. The hot, dry weather and fires have reduced that harvest to less than 60 million tons, meaning that Russia will have to import 15 million tons. And then you have Pakistan, where virtually the whole of the argiculture was wiped out by monsoon floods.
Our agriculture is at the mercy of the weather. Significant changes in weather patterns means that we lose major sections of it. In a world of nearly 7 billion people, that leads to famine.
It hasn't happened all the other times the temps have risen. What makes this time so special?
First, no evidence that there has ever been a worldwide rise in temperature in recorded human history that equals what we are seeing today.
Second, we are already seeing pretty severe effects. Consider the precipitation events of this year. The loss of nearly 40% of the Russian grain crop, the loss of nearly all the Pakistan's agriculture.
Response from Dr. James Hurrell
(this is an excerpt taken from “Questions for the Record”:
Dr. HurrellÂ’s response to questions from the Committee concerning the May 6th hearing. We are grateful to Dr. Hurrell for providing us with a copy of this material.)
Paleoclimate research is important in order to determine how recent changes in climate fit into the longerterm perspective of changes driven by natural variability, and how the climate system has responded to past, naturally-driven changes in radiative forcing (e.g., from changes in solar radiation). Decades of field and laboratory research developing paleoclimate records has resulted in global networks of well -replicated data.
A few key findings include:
– Average Northern Hemisphere temperatures during the second half of the 20th century were very likely higher than during any other 50-year period in the last 500 years, and likely the past 1,300 years.
– The last time polar regions were significantly warmer than present was about 125,000 years ago. At that time, average polar temperatures were up to 9 °F warmer than present, because of differences in the Earth’s orbit. Global average sea level was also likely 13-19 feet higher than during the 20th century, mainly due to the
retreat of polar ice.
– It is very likely the glacial-interglacial carbon dioxide variations strongly amplified climate change, but it is unlikely they triggered the end of glacial periods. Polar temperatures, for instance, started to rise several centuries before atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations rose.
It is very likely current atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases exceed by far the natural range over the last 650,000 years, and that the rates of increase have been five times faster over the past 40 years than over any other comparable period the past 2,000 years.
Dr. James Hurrell:
Senior Scientist in the Climate Analysis Section and Chief Scientist for Community Climate Projects at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado.
His research interests include climate variability and anthropogenic climate change. He has contributed to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessments, and is actively involved in the international research program on Climate Variability and Predictability.
CGD's Climate Analysis Section: Jim Hurrell