Si modo
Diamond Member
Oh, so now you're just going to post random spam, again, eh?
Longevity of Anthropogenic CO2
- Thread starter Old Rocks
- Start date
Old Rocks
Diamond Member
- Thread starter
- #22
No, simple arithmatic does not lie. Here is the graph from that site. Nowhere does it state that ~3% of present atmospheric CO2 is manmade.
In fact, it shows that we have contributed about 40% of the present CO2 in the present atmosphere.
Current Greenhouse Gas Concentrations
GAS Pre-1750 tropospheric concentration1 Recent tropospheric concentration2 GWP3(100-yr time horizon) Atmospheric lifetime4(years) Increased radiative forcing 5 (W/m2)
Concentrations in parts per million (ppm)
Carbon dioxide (CO2) 2806 388.57 1 ~ 1004 1.66
Concentrations in parts per billion (ppb)
Methane (CH4) 7008 18709/17459 25 124 0.48
Nitrous oxide (N2O) 27010 3239/3229 298 1144 0.16
Tropospheric ozone (O3) 251 344,1 n.a.4 hours-days 0.354
Concentrations in parts per trillion (ppt)
CFC-11 (trichlorofluoromethane) (CCl3F) zero 2429/2409 4,750 45 0.063
CFC-12 (CCl2F2) zero 5359/5339 10,900 100 0.17
CF-113(CCl2FFClF2) zero 769/769 6,130 85 0.024
HCFC-22(CHClF2) zero 2179/1909 1,810 12 0.033
HCFC-141b(CH3CCl2F) zero 229/199 725 9.3 0.0025
HCFC-142b(CH3CClF2) zero 229/199 2,310 17.9 0.0031
Halon 1211 (CBrCIF2) zero 4.39/3.89 1,890 16 0.001
Halon 1301 (CBrCIF3) zero 3.39/3.29 7,140 65 0.001
HFC-134a(CH2FCF3) zero 609/499 1,430 14 0.0055
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) zero 889/869 1,400 26 0.012
Methyl chloroform (CH3CCl3) zero 8.99/8.69 146 5 0.0011
Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) zero 6.999,11/6.569,11 22,800 3200 0.0029
Other Halocarbons zero Varies by substance collectively 0.021
Big Fitz
User Quit *****
- Nov 23, 2009
- 16,917
- 2,522
- 48
Yes yes... let's all be super scared over 0.06% of 0.04% of the atmospheric composition. How about them water vapor levels? 4% of the atmosphere and a much stronger greenhouse gas. Aren't you worried about the dangers of H20???? Oh the horrors of gaseous water!
Run!
Flee!
Plotz!
Abso-fuckin-lootly reeeeeeDICKulous.
Run!
Flee!
Plotz!
Abso-fuckin-lootly reeeeeeDICKulous.
Si modo
Diamond Member
Oh....
my.....
Gawd.
For example,
368K (around 2001 level, from that page) - 288K (from pre-1750) = 80K
68K (natural contribution) + 12K (man) = 80K
12K/368K * 100% = 3%
Dear God.
Last edited:
Si modo
Diamond Member
I don't make up numbers, Rocks. I'm just not that good at it.
I suggest you read the link I provided. I can do some spoonfeeding; but I don't do forcefeeding.
Old Rocks
Diamond Member
- Thread starter
- #28
That post concerns Ian and climatic triggers in the past. Not that you would have any knowledge of such. Just for your education;
NOAA Paleoclimatology Program - Educational Outreach, Introduction to Paleoclimatology
Si modo
Diamond Member
Hey, if your original topic and claims since then aren't working for you, post whatever random stuff that you think will work for something.
It's your train wreck, so who am I to point out the errors?
Big Fitz
User Quit *****
- Nov 23, 2009
- 16,917
- 2,522
- 48
Next he's going to worry about Yttrium levels in the soil being too high and all man's fault.
Si modo
Diamond Member
Shall I image the page and post it? Your intellectual laziness is well established. As I said, I've reached my limit of spoonfeeding today. I don't forcefeed.
If you want to claim that the figures aren't there, that's fine. I trust others are not nearly as intellectually lazy as you and can read the entire link.
Also, as you seem to think that natural sources haven't contributed to the increase in atmospheric CO2, that's fine. Funny, but still fine.
As I said, it's your train wreck, as it usually is.
Old Rocks
Diamond Member
- Thread starter
- #33
64% of the increase from just the burning of fossil fuels
Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) - Frequently Asked Questions
What percentage of the CO2 in the atmosphere has been produced by human beings through the burning of fossil fuels?
A. Anthropogenic CO2 comes from fossil fuel combustion, changes in land use (e.g., forest clearing), and cement manufacture. Houghton and Hackler have estimated land-use changes from 1850-2000, so it is convenient to use 1850 as our starting point for the following discussion. Atmospheric CO2 concentrations had not changed appreciably over the preceding 850 years (IPCC; The Scientific Basis) so it may be safely assumed that they would not have changed appreciably in the 150 years from 1850 to 2000 in the absence of human intervention.
In the following calculations, we will express atmospheric concentrations of CO2 in units of parts per million by volume (ppmv). Each ppmv represents 2.13 X1015 grams, or 2.13 petagrams of carbon (PgC) in the atmosphere. According to Houghton and Hackler, land-use changes from 1850-2000 resulted in a net transfer of 154 PgC to the atmosphere. During that same period, 282 PgC were released by combustion of fossil fuels, and 5.5 additional PgC were released to the atmosphere from cement manufacture. This adds up to 154 + 282 + 5.5 = 441.5 PgC, of which 282/444.1 = 64% is due to fossil-fuel combustion.
Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) - Frequently Asked Questions
What percentage of the CO2 in the atmosphere has been produced by human beings through the burning of fossil fuels?
A. Anthropogenic CO2 comes from fossil fuel combustion, changes in land use (e.g., forest clearing), and cement manufacture. Houghton and Hackler have estimated land-use changes from 1850-2000, so it is convenient to use 1850 as our starting point for the following discussion. Atmospheric CO2 concentrations had not changed appreciably over the preceding 850 years (IPCC; The Scientific Basis) so it may be safely assumed that they would not have changed appreciably in the 150 years from 1850 to 2000 in the absence of human intervention.
In the following calculations, we will express atmospheric concentrations of CO2 in units of parts per million by volume (ppmv). Each ppmv represents 2.13 X1015 grams, or 2.13 petagrams of carbon (PgC) in the atmosphere. According to Houghton and Hackler, land-use changes from 1850-2000 resulted in a net transfer of 154 PgC to the atmosphere. During that same period, 282 PgC were released by combustion of fossil fuels, and 5.5 additional PgC were released to the atmosphere from cement manufacture. This adds up to 154 + 282 + 5.5 = 441.5 PgC, of which 282/444.1 = 64% is due to fossil-fuel combustion.
Ahhhhh yes your favourite subject....The only thing that died was one species of Foraminefera (hence the overwrought "extinction event" hysteria) but the rest of the flora and fauna blossomed. The last paragraph is particularly relevent here.
The PETM is accompanied by a mass extinction of 35-50% of benthic foraminifera (especially in deeper waters) over the course of ~1,000 years - the group suffering more than during the dinosaur-slaying K-T extinction. Contrarily, planktonic foraminifera diversified, and dinoflagellates bloomed. Success was also enjoyed by the mammals, who radiated profusely around this time.
The deep-sea extinctions are difficult to explain, as many were regional in extent (mainly affecting the north Atlantic). General hypotheses such as a temperature-related reduction in oxygen availability, or increased corrosiveness due to carbonate-undersaturated deep waters, are insufficient as explanations. The only factor which was global in extent was an increase in temperature, and it appears that the majority of the blame must rest upon its shoulders. Regional extinctions in the North Atlantic can be attributed to increased deep-sea anoxia, which could be due to the slowdown of overturning ocean currents,[12] or the release and rapid oxidation of large amounts of methane.[20][verification needed]
In shallower waters, it's undeniable that increased CO2 levels result in a decreased oceanic pH, which has a profound negative effect on corals.[21] Experiments suggest it is also very harmful to calcifying plankton.[22] However, the strong acids used to simulate the natural increase in acidity which would result from elevated CO2 concentrations may have given misleading results, and the most recent evidence is that coccolithophores (E. huxleyi at least) become more, not less, calcified and abundant in acidic waters.[23] Interestingly, no change in the distribution of calcareous nanoplankton such as the coccolithophores can be attributed to acidification during the PETM.[23] Acidification did lead to an abundance of heavily calcified algae[24] and weakly calcified forams.[25]
The increase in mammalian abundance is intriguing. There is no evidence of any increased extinction rate among the terrestrial biota. Increased CO2 levels may have promoted dwarfing[26] – which may (perhaps?) have encouraged speciation. Many major mammalian orders – including the Artiodactyla, horses, and primates – appeared and spread across the globe 13,000 to 22,000 years after the initiation of the PETM.[26]
Paleocene
Yes, by all means you must do everything for olfraud, he is mentally incapable of most normal things. A sad case.
Si modo
Diamond Member
Ummmm, that's 64% of the increase.
I simply am not going to dumb this down any more than I already have.
Old Rocks
Diamond Member
- Thread starter
- #38
During the PETM extinction event that took place 55 million years ago, the oceans were warming just as they are today.
The 2001 documentary “The Day the Oceans Boiled” examined what was new evidence in 1999. [4] Scientists had discovered that the expected rise in global temperature in the near future could be only the start of a much greater increase. The evidence uncovered warned that our Earth’s temperature could rise by 20 degrees within the next three generations. The documentary follows scientists uncovering evidence for what caused massive, abrupt climate shifts that happened 55 million years ago. *This was the last time the Earth’s temperature accelerated quickly, causing many animals to shrink, with horses becoming the size of modern domestic cats. It took the planet 60,000 years to cool down again.
Sediment samples drilled from the ocean sea floor provide scientists with the ability to uncover what took place in our Earth’s history hundreds of millions of years ago. In 1999, Santo Bains of Oxford University’s Department of Earth Sciences was looking for clues as to what happened 55 million years ago during the Paleocene-Eocene. In particular, he was interested in one specific sediment core named core 690. Core 690 was to have the most detailed record of the Paleocene-Eocene climate change event. Bains took one sediment sample per centimeter of the entire core 690. Buried in the sludge along the bottom of the sea there are stories of the past. Within this sediment there are tiny sea creatures – deep-ocean microscopic foraminifera – that survived the asteroids that killed the dinosaurs. However, 55 million years ago, half of the tiny forams went extinct. Locked in their shells lies the story of why. As their shells were made of the carbon dioxide dissolved in the sea, their detailed composition revealed both the levels of CO2 in the atmosphere and the water temperature at the time of extinction. Bains dropped the tiny shells into acid, releasing the carbon dioxide that had last seen the atmosphere 55 million years ago.
Bains’s scientific analysis confirmed that at the time the mammals shrank, the atmospheric carbon levels had suddenly risen abruptly – causing a rapid warming of ocean waters. As he examined more samples, Bains discovered something extraordinary. There was not just one sudden rise in temperature. There were three. Temperatures accelerated dramatically in three succinct steps over a period of just a few of hundred years for a total temperature increase of approximately 8ºC. The rise in atmospheric carbon was just as dramatic. The jumps in Bains’s graph add up to one and a half trillion tonnes of carbon. His discovery was the first time this was recognized in the geological record. Where did all of the carbon come from? Methane hydrates are believed to be the only explanation. Methane hydrates quickly decomposed, releasing vast amounts of carbon into the oceans and into the atmosphere.
The 2001 documentary “The Day the Oceans Boiled” examined what was new evidence in 1999. [4] Scientists had discovered that the expected rise in global temperature in the near future could be only the start of a much greater increase. The evidence uncovered warned that our Earth’s temperature could rise by 20 degrees within the next three generations. The documentary follows scientists uncovering evidence for what caused massive, abrupt climate shifts that happened 55 million years ago. *This was the last time the Earth’s temperature accelerated quickly, causing many animals to shrink, with horses becoming the size of modern domestic cats. It took the planet 60,000 years to cool down again.
Sediment samples drilled from the ocean sea floor provide scientists with the ability to uncover what took place in our Earth’s history hundreds of millions of years ago. In 1999, Santo Bains of Oxford University’s Department of Earth Sciences was looking for clues as to what happened 55 million years ago during the Paleocene-Eocene. In particular, he was interested in one specific sediment core named core 690. Core 690 was to have the most detailed record of the Paleocene-Eocene climate change event. Bains took one sediment sample per centimeter of the entire core 690. Buried in the sludge along the bottom of the sea there are stories of the past. Within this sediment there are tiny sea creatures – deep-ocean microscopic foraminifera – that survived the asteroids that killed the dinosaurs. However, 55 million years ago, half of the tiny forams went extinct. Locked in their shells lies the story of why. As their shells were made of the carbon dioxide dissolved in the sea, their detailed composition revealed both the levels of CO2 in the atmosphere and the water temperature at the time of extinction. Bains dropped the tiny shells into acid, releasing the carbon dioxide that had last seen the atmosphere 55 million years ago.
Bains’s scientific analysis confirmed that at the time the mammals shrank, the atmospheric carbon levels had suddenly risen abruptly – causing a rapid warming of ocean waters. As he examined more samples, Bains discovered something extraordinary. There was not just one sudden rise in temperature. There were three. Temperatures accelerated dramatically in three succinct steps over a period of just a few of hundred years for a total temperature increase of approximately 8ºC. The rise in atmospheric carbon was just as dramatic. The jumps in Bains’s graph add up to one and a half trillion tonnes of carbon. His discovery was the first time this was recognized in the geological record. Where did all of the carbon come from? Methane hydrates are believed to be the only explanation. Methane hydrates quickly decomposed, releasing vast amounts of carbon into the oceans and into the atmosphere.
Old Rocks
Diamond Member
- Thread starter
- #39
A lot more than just one specie of foram
http://wzar.unizar.es/perso/alegret/pdfs_publicaciones/Alegret_et_2009b.pdf
a b s t r a c t
Article history:
Received 30 December 2008
Received in revised form 25 April 2009
Accepted 10 May 2009
Keywords:
Paleocene–Eocene
Warming
Extinction
Benthic foraminifera
Deep-sea
A complete succession of lower bathyal–upper abyssal sediments was deposited across the Paleocene–
Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) at Alamedilla (Betic Cordillera, Southern Spain), where the benthic
foraminiferal turnover and extinction event associated with the negative carbon isotope excursion (CIE)
across the PETM have been investigated. Detailed quantitative analyses of benthic foraminifera allowed us to distinguish assemblages with paleoecological and paleoenvironmental significance: pre-extinction fauna, extinction fauna, survival fauna (including disaster and opportunistic fauna) and recovery fauna.
These assemblages have been associated with significant parts of the δ13C curve for which a relative chronology has been established. The correlation between the benthic turnover, the δ13C curve, the calcite and silicate mineral content, and sedimentation rates, allowed us to establish the sequence of events across the PETM. At Alamedilla, the benthic extinction event (BEE) affected ~37% of the species and it has been recorded over a 30-cm-thick interval that was deposited in c.a. 10 ky, suggesting a gradual but rapid pattern of extinction. The beginning of the BEE coincides with the onset of the CIE (+0 ky) and with an interval with abundant calcite,
and it has been recorded under oxic conditions at the seafloor (as inferred from the benthic foraminiferal assemblages and the reddish colour of the sediments). We conclude that dissolution and dysoxia were not the cause of the extinctions, which were probably related to intense warming that occurred before the onset of the CIE.
The BEE is immediately overlain by a survival interval dominated by agglutinated species (the Glomospira Acme). The low calcite content recorded within the survival interval may result from the interaction between dilution of the carbonate compounds by silicicate minerals (as inferred from the increased sedimentation rates), and the effects of carbonate dissolution triggered by the shoaling of the CCD.We suggest that Glomospira species (disaster fauna) may have bloomed opportunistically in areas with methane dissociation, in and around the North Atlantic. The disaster fauna was rapidly replaced by opportunistic taxa, which point to oxic and, possibly, oligotrophic conditions at the seafloor. The CCD gradually dropped during this interval, and calcite preservation improved towards the recovery interval, during which the δ13C values and the calcite content recovered (c.a. +71.25 to 94.23 ky) and stabilized (N94.23 ky), coeval with a sharp decrease in sedimentation rates.
http://wzar.unizar.es/perso/alegret/pdfs_publicaciones/Alegret_et_2009b.pdf
a b s t r a c t
Article history:
Received 30 December 2008
Received in revised form 25 April 2009
Accepted 10 May 2009
Keywords:
Paleocene–Eocene
Warming
Extinction
Benthic foraminifera
Deep-sea
A complete succession of lower bathyal–upper abyssal sediments was deposited across the Paleocene–
Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) at Alamedilla (Betic Cordillera, Southern Spain), where the benthic
foraminiferal turnover and extinction event associated with the negative carbon isotope excursion (CIE)
across the PETM have been investigated. Detailed quantitative analyses of benthic foraminifera allowed us to distinguish assemblages with paleoecological and paleoenvironmental significance: pre-extinction fauna, extinction fauna, survival fauna (including disaster and opportunistic fauna) and recovery fauna.
These assemblages have been associated with significant parts of the δ13C curve for which a relative chronology has been established. The correlation between the benthic turnover, the δ13C curve, the calcite and silicate mineral content, and sedimentation rates, allowed us to establish the sequence of events across the PETM. At Alamedilla, the benthic extinction event (BEE) affected ~37% of the species and it has been recorded over a 30-cm-thick interval that was deposited in c.a. 10 ky, suggesting a gradual but rapid pattern of extinction. The beginning of the BEE coincides with the onset of the CIE (+0 ky) and with an interval with abundant calcite,
and it has been recorded under oxic conditions at the seafloor (as inferred from the benthic foraminiferal assemblages and the reddish colour of the sediments). We conclude that dissolution and dysoxia were not the cause of the extinctions, which were probably related to intense warming that occurred before the onset of the CIE.
The BEE is immediately overlain by a survival interval dominated by agglutinated species (the Glomospira Acme). The low calcite content recorded within the survival interval may result from the interaction between dilution of the carbonate compounds by silicicate minerals (as inferred from the increased sedimentation rates), and the effects of carbonate dissolution triggered by the shoaling of the CCD.We suggest that Glomospira species (disaster fauna) may have bloomed opportunistically in areas with methane dissociation, in and around the North Atlantic. The disaster fauna was rapidly replaced by opportunistic taxa, which point to oxic and, possibly, oligotrophic conditions at the seafloor. The CCD gradually dropped during this interval, and calcite preservation improved towards the recovery interval, during which the δ13C values and the calcite content recovered (c.a. +71.25 to 94.23 ky) and stabilized (N94.23 ky), coeval with a sharp decrease in sedimentation rates.
Si modo
Diamond Member
More of Rocks' Brownian motion.
Similar threads
New Topics
-
The scale of the damage done to Iran so far, put into perspective.- Started by Anomalism
- Replies: 8
-
-
Turning Point USA college president resigns after racist text chat leaks- Started by C_Clayton_Jones
- Replies: 5
-
-
People in New York protesting Mamdani were met with counterprotesters who turned out to be Islamic terrorists.- Started by Votto
- Replies: 17
