The Arabian Golden Age and its advances in science and arts was driven by non-Arabians. The Arabians were basically Bedouin goat herders with fervor that were good at conquest. They represented a small ruling militaristic elite wherever they ruled. The adoption of Arabic as a common language helped make communication between scholars easier. But the intellectuals were not Arabians. And, most of the scholars, scientists, physicians during the Arabian Golden Age were were still Christians. The Arabian elite preferred to collect taxes from the Christians than have them convert. They were far less liberal with the Persians who practiced Zoroastrianism, thus not people of the book. But, Rhazes (also known as al-Razi) the foremost medieval physician was a Persian from Teheran. These same non-Arabians translated scientific Greek works to Arabic, not a small feat, and this gave them a base to work from. The Golden Age ended when eventually the religion blocked progress, it can be traced back to the rise of the anti-philosophical Ash’arism school among Sunni Muslims, who comprised (and comprise) the vast majority of the Muslim world. The religion, is backward with respect to Christianity. Christianity acknowledges a private-public distinction and gives Christians the liberty to decide much about their social and political lives. Islam, on the other hand, denies any private-public distinction and includes laws regulating the most minute details of private life. Obviously, this blocks innovation.
So, that is why there are only 2 Muslim Nobel prize winners out of 1.5 billion Muslims. While Switzerland a country of 8 million people has 25 Nobel prize winners.