"In Corinth, where Paul most likely wrote Romans,[116] several gender/sexual-variant artifacts have been found. The anti-Christian riot at Ephesus (Acts 19) was important enough to be preserved in the canon, and evidence suggests that other conflicts between the goddess cults and early Christian groups occurred. Roscoe goes as far as saying, "In some cities, worshipers clashed in the streets when the festivals of the two religions coincided, as they often did in the spring."[117] This should not be surprising, given the popularity and influence of the goddess religions on the Greek and Roman cultures.
Given the spread of castration rituals into the Christian community, potentially linked directly to the goddess cults, it seems theologically there would be heavy internal interest in discrediting goddess beliefs and practices, in addition to the political and social clashes.[119]
The cumulative evidence suggests that Paul’s context for the entire pericope of Rom 1:18-32 is idolatry, and that Rom 1:26-27 is a reference to the gender and sex-variant practices of the goddess cults. Further, considering that at least four sources from the early church imply or state that 1:26b is a reference to heterogenitality, it seems that the tradition linking this verse to “lesbians” is dubious, thus problematizing the idea that in 1:26-27, Paul is describing the “category of homosexuality.” There is little reason to believe that Paul's intent in this passage is anything but an exhortation against the worship of non-Yahwist gods, and even less basis to infer the general content of Paul's beliefs about sexual orientations, specifically the use of this passage as a condemnation of contemporary queer relationships.