"On the Fox News’ “Journal Editorial Report”, Saturday June 20th, when asked why some conservatives are against Fast Track Trade Promotion Authority, panelist Jason Riley said it was because they don’t trust Obama."
True.
Opposition to the proposed measure is predicated solely on the right's unwarranted hostility toward the president, not the merits of the Act.
Baloney! Those who support and defend our constitutionally limited system of government are opposed to the currently proposed Fast Track Trade Authority because it violates our Constitution!
In the case of the currently proposed Fast Track Power being exercised by the president with respect to deals cooked up with foreign nations, our Constitution is explicitly clear that any such deals require a two thirds vote in the Senate to become enforceable law.
Of course, we are told that the Pacific Rim deal is not a treaty and therefor the two thirds threshold vote is not necessary, and a mere majority vote is needed to approve the deal. And this immediately raises the question as to what is meant by the word “treaty’ as the word was used and understood by our founders.
In accordance with a fundamental rule of constitutional law,
”Words or terms used in a constitution, being dependent on ratification by the people voting upon it, must be understood in the sense most obvious to the common understanding at the time of its adoption…”__ (my emphasis) SEE: 16 Am Jur 2d Constitutional law , Meaning of Language.
So, what was the meaning of “treaty” as understood and used by our founding fathers?
In
Federalist No. 64 Jay defines a treaty as a “bargain” . He writes:
”These gentlemen would do well to reflect that a treaty is only another name for a bargain, and that it would be impossible to find a nation who would make any bargain with us, which should be binding on them ABSOLUTELY, but on us only so long and so far as we may think proper to be bound by it.”
And in
Federalist No. 75 Hamilton tells us with reference to a treaty,
Its objects are CONTRACTS with foreign nations, which have the force of law…”
Finally, In
Federalist No. 22 Hamilton talks about “a treaty of commerce” as follows:
”A nation, with which we might have a treaty of commerce, could with much greater facility prevent our forming a connection with her competitor in trade, though such a connection should be ever so beneficial to ourselves.”
The irrefutable fact is, the
Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) Free Trade Agreement falls within the meaning of a treaty as the word was used and understood by our founding fathers, and as such, requires a two thirds vote to become an enforceable contract.
What supporters of Fast Track may not understand, or intentionally ignoring is, having been ruled by a despotic King our founders feared creating an omnipotent president and thus limited his powers significantly by a number of provisions in our Constitution, one being the two thirds vote requirement as mentioned above for any deals cooked up by our President. And, our founders fear is explicitly stated in Federalist No. 75 by Hamilton with regard to the President’s treaty making authority and why the President was not granted an arbitrary power to make “CONTRACTS with foreign nations, which have the force of law.” unless approved by a two thirds vote. Hamilton points out the president :
“might sometimes be under temptations to sacrifice his duty to his interest, which it would require superlative virtue to withstand. An avaricious man might be tempted to betray the interests of the state to the acquisition of wealth. An ambitious man might make his own aggrandizement, by the aid of a foreign power, the price of his treachery to his constituents. The history of human conduct does not warrant that exalted opinion of human virtue which would make it wise in a nation to commit interests of so delicate and momentous a kind, as those which concern its intercourse with the rest of the world, to the sole disposal of a magistrate created and circumstanced as would be a President of the United States.”
So, as it turns out, the founders intentionally commanded by our Constitution, that any deals cooked up by the president with a foreign power would not have “the force of law” unless approved by two thirds of the Senators present.
And to give another example of how much our founders feared an omnipotent president, they even refused giving the President Line-item veto power! Benjamin Franklin, on June 4th of the Constitutional Convention reminds the delegates how they suffered under that power and why it should not be given to the president. He says:
'”The negative of the governor was constantly made use of to extort money. No good law whatever could be passed without a private bargain with him. An increase of salary or some donation, was always made a condition; till at last, it became the regular practice to have orders in his favor on the treasury presented along with the bills to be signed, so that he might actually receive the former before he should sign the latter. When the Indians were scalping the Western people, and notice of it arrived, the concurrence of the governor in the means of self-defense could not be got, until it was agreed that the people were to fight for the security of his property, whilst he was to have no share of the burdens of taxation.''
Now, I have laid out my argument showing both the text and legislative intent of our Constitution establishes a two thirds vote is required to approve any deals cooked up by our President with foreign countries. The currently proposed Fast Track Trade Promotion Authority, since it reduces the required vote to a simple majority is unconstitutional. What is your evidence that I am in error?
JWK
The whole aim of construction, as applied to a provision of the Constitution, is to discover the meaning, to ascertain and give effect to the intent of its framers and the people who adopted it._____HOME BLDG. & LOAN ASS'N v. BLAISDELL, 290 U.S. 398 (1934)