Montana is easy to explain.
If the planet was not rotating, then you would have one convection zone south of the equator, and one north of the equator. With hot air rising at the equator and falling at the poles.
But since the earth is rotating fast enough, this simple convection can't take place.
Instead there are 3 convention band on each side of the equator.
That limits the amount of weather change possible normally.
But now that we have Global Warming, the wind energy is much faster and can travel much further.
That means polar air can leave its normal Polar Cell confinement, and reach into the Ferrel Cell.
That is why Montana in the Ferrel Cell, can get much colder Arctic temperature and much higher winds than normal.
Wind is the product of warm and cold air hitting together.
So now that we have more heat from Global Warming, the wind can be much faster.