The question of victory and defeat mostly depends on the question of the pre-war goals. If, say, your only goal was "Don't allow Ukraine join NATO", then total elimination of all NATO countries, Ukraine and Russia will means "Russia won".
Another theoretical scenario may involve non-state forces, taking power in Russia/USA. Like radical communists who ready sacrifice Russia for starting World War and, then, World Revolution (and then mutual annihilation of Russia and the USA will be their victory) or radical Roman Catholics in the USA , and for them also, mutual annihilation of orthodox/atheist/Muslim Russia and protestant/atheist/Muslim USA will be some kind of victory. But even if we are talking about national interest, the situation in which 100% of Global West population are dead and only 0,5% of the Global South population is survived may be considered as victory of "Global South block".
Anyway, in the terms of normal (classic) deterrence both sides are more interested in the protection of their own population, not in the meaningless murders of others side, and, therefore the first strike (in both sides' national strategies) is counter-force (with the further coercion into peace) with protection of your own population. And it means that retaliation strike will be (even if defender launched it, committing suicide) crippled and significantly degraded by the attacker's first strike, and attacker's civil defense readiness will decrease number of attacker's civilian casualties. Actually, even civil defense alone can decrease civilian casualties in Russian to the acceptable level of WWII.
They do speak Russian. And their sovereignty means among other things, responsibility for their actions. They decided that they can join NATO and genocide local Russians. Stupid decision. So, there will be no more "sovereign Ukraine".
Because Belarus doesn't want to join NATO and doesn't discriminate, abuse and genocide local Russians.
Just google the pictures from the testing range and enjoy lunar landscape with craters. There were a lot of surface bursts. And Las-Vegas is still pretty alive and kicking. Russia tested nukes both on surface and underground. There are few Atom-lakes in Kazakhstan (ex-craters from surface bursts) people often swim and fishing there (its not very healthy thing, but, say, smoking harm people more). No significant problems. Few days after the burst radiation levels becomes pretty acceptable.
They won't be empty if the counter-force attack is effective.
Really? It's not Ukraine. It's NATO, first of all - the USA. And if the USA wants to take Crimea and Novorussia by military force, they must be ready to lose Alaska and California.
Putin is always ready for the peace deal. The problem is that Trump isn't ready to accept Russian peace terms yet (including denazification of Ukraine and Baltic states and returning of NATO's military infrastructure to 1997 borders), so there will be escalation. And if Trump is ready to raise stakes - it's good. Higher stakes - higher is our profit.
1. You have more than a few misconceptions about the USA. There are no radical Roman Catholics in the US. Not sure where you heard that? Biden called nuns who protested in front of abortion clinics "domestic terrorists", but that doesn't begin to describe "the Sisters of the Poor". Anyway, long story shortened, there are no winners in a nuclear war. Trying to describe anyone winning is an exercise in futility.
2. If Putin's goal of not allowing Ukraine to join NATO means he's willing to nuke NATO countries, that means he is insane. Russia has no threats from NATO. NATO is a strictly defensive alliance. Ukraine is a sovereign country being invaded by Russia. NATO is obligated for the security of Ukraine by the Budapest Memorandum, that Russia signed, guaranteeing security if Ukraine gave up its nuclear weapons. You should know that.
3. You keep thinking that a first-strike with hyper-sonic missiles will knock out nuclear retaliation. Our missile sites are protected by laser weapons. They work well against short range hyper-sonic missiles. So I don't think you want to risk annihilation over Ukraine.
If I understood your logic, it was that a first strike that cripples the nuclear response would force the US to ask for terms of surrender. That is what we call a "nuclear miscalculation". What I don't know is what would happen if Russia launched, and the US lasers shot down all or even most of the incoming missiles. Would we launch 100% or a proportional retaliation, inviting further exchanges?? It's MAD no matter how you look at it.
4. There is a sovereign Ukraine, it is NOT Russia's. They have not done any genocide of Russians. I think Russia already has the Russian speaking portions of Ukraine, those being Crimea and Donbas. Keep them and call it a win.
5. The USA is not "taking" anything, we are helping Ukraine repel an invasion by Russia, as required by the Budapest Memorandum. There are no US or NATO troops in Ukraine, even if there were, if they were invited by Ukraine, its none of Russia's fucking business.
6. Please stop with the Alaska and California nonsense, Russia can't even take Ukraine. Russia's "army" is poorly trained, poorly equipped, and poorly led.
7. Glad to hear that Putin is open to a peace deal. There are Nazis in Ukraine, but they are not a factor in governance or in committing atrocities. I'm sure Trump could convince Zelenskyy to get the Nazis to change their name. Other than that, Putin's wish-list isn't happening. Take Crimea and Donbas and call it a win.
Not acknowledging this threat means that little is being done to guard against it.
www.nbcnews.com
"On its face, Putin’s smear is absurd, not least because Ukrainian President
Volodymyr Zelenskyy is Jewish and has said that members of his family were
killed during World War II. There is also no evidence of recent mass killings or ethnic purges taking place in Ukraine. Moreover, labeling enemies Nazis is
a common political ploy in Russia, especially from a leader who favors disinformation campaigns and wants to stir up feelings of national vengeance against a WWII foe to justify conquest."