THE ORIGINS OF THE EUROPEAN ENLIGHTENMENT AND RENAISSANCE
The classical Greek works were lost to Europe during its Dark Ages. It was Muslim scholars who rescued these works by translating and preserving them in the Arabic language, and they subsequently found their way back into Europe by being translated from Arabic into Latin. Moreover Muslims didn’t just preserve them; they built upon them by studying the ancient Greek works in detail, carried out experiments, wrote commentaries on them and corrected the theories where necessary in the form of their own independent works. A few such examples are Al-Biruni’s criticism and correction of Aristotle’s philosophy in a work called “
Questions and Answers”; Al-Khwarizmi’s correction of Ptolemy’s geography in his work “
Face of the Earth”; Ibn al-Haytham’s
correction and refutation of Galen’s optics based upon practical experiments; Al-Khazini’s work on
measures of weights and densities surpassed his Greek predecessors.
In fact Europe took far more from the Muslim world than this can do justice. Among other things: windmills, soap, perfume, sugar, irrigation, spices, universities, street lights, the paper industry, mass literacy, freedom of thought, architecture, poetry, hygiene, libraries and ceramics.
The REAL FACT is that the written works of the ancient greeks and the arts and sciences of the greeks,
Egyptians, and Persians and even India-----were brought to or translated into the "Islamic world"------by
Christians, Jews and Zoroastrians and coopted by muslim conquerors. Arabic was the LINGUA FRANCA
of the lands taken by force by muslim invaders. Latin was the language of science in Christian Europe----
most Christians at that time were not literate in Latin-----just as most muslims were not literate in
Arabic. Greek was, PRIOR to the rise of Latin as the language of scholarship, the language of
scholarship in Christian Europe and even in the Middle east thanks to the rise of the Persian empire---
(the Alexander thing) All of my papers are in English-----but I am not an ANGLICAN (the church
King Henry VIII invented). I do not know the history of windmills------but hubby's very own ancestors
were in the spice trade in the middle east long before the country in which they resided was invaded
by the barbarians from Arabia. They were also VERY LITERATE in a land that became mostly
illiterate due to the muslim population----and still is. The Iraqi non muslims are STILL notable
for their affinity for MATHEMATICS---based on their ancestral trade interactions with India and
Persia.
Mass literacy remains a not so successful ongoing project for the Ummah. Long ago--
--when I was young and beautiful----a Pakistani surgeon told
me that MAIMONIDES was a muslim------OBVIOUSLY SO SINCE HE WROTE IN ARABIC!!\
(sometimes)--
in fact, muslims today call him MUSA (ie those docs educated in Islamic med. schools)
Based on their family experience in lands invaded by muslims-----I still have relatives (by marriage)
who speak Arabic or some facsimile. The language varies from country to country
All that comes down in Arabic is not "muslim". The three wise guys from Persia (Zoroastrians)
brought perfume to Jesus long before there was an islam--------perfume was in use LONG LONG
before that in the Middle east and India and Persia Zoroastrians remain literate wherever they have
survived Islamic invasion. In fact, the Zoroastrian script was coopted by arab speakers----but not
until about 300 AD. Lucky for the speakers of Arabic that Zoroastrians were active along the
caravan routes that passed thru Arabia, ie---lucky for the few that finally decided to read
and write. How things would have panned out if not for the GLORIOUS AGE OF ISLAMIC
CONQUEST---------is completely unknown. How things would have panned out if not for
the GLORIOUS AGE OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE-----is completely unknown. All that is written
in English is not Anglican. (so THERE !!! Elizabeth (and grandma Victoria)!!!!!)