Let's go back to our patriarchal history for a moment. The origin of
patriarchy can be traced to the male need to establish paternity of
their children, especially in a propertied society where ownership is
heritable.
Standard socio-biological theory points to a biological need for people
to invest in their own children rather than someone else's. In the
animal world for instance, animals do not normally look after the
offspring of others unless they've been tricked into it. Males will even
kill another male's offspring so the female will be free to mate with
them instead. Now, women always know that the children they bear are
related to them, but men can never know for sure who their genetic
offspring are.
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In ancient human societies, the obvious and most practical way for men
to ensure that they invested only in their own children was to dictate
and restrict women's sexual behavior. Throughout patriarchal history,
society has guaranteed men's paternity by controlling women's
reproductive capacity. Here's a list of some common ways this happened,
and still happens today in various countries: (examples listed)
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The idea of rape as a crime against women is relatively new. It was only
in 1993 that the United Nations finally designated rape as a war crime.
That's because under patriarchy, rape in war is used as a way to
dishonor and vanquish the (male) enemy. Marital rape only recently
became a crime in western countries, because it was a wife's duty to
submit to her husband and bear his children. Rape in general is an
opportunity for the rapist to father a child and thereby establish his
right to paternity by out-competing other men.
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In the abortion debate, most anti-abortionists allow exceptions for rape
and incest. This makes no sense if all life is sacred, but it fits the
male paternity theory perfectly because these pregnancies represent
unauthorized paternity.
...
The traditional patriarchal systems that control women's sexuality and
reproduction are still widely protected today by laws, policies,
customs, cultures, religions, and even by most individual men and women.
By definition, those who enforce these right-wing, restrictive norms are
opposed to a woman's right to autonomy - the right to control her own
body and her fertility.