Meaning, that if you have system that does not help everyone equally, then it is unconstitutional. You can't have a program that taxes one group of people, and benefits another group of people. That is not "general welfare" to tax me, to pay for your food, or tax me to pay for your pension, or tax me to pay for your health care.
When 1% of citizens bribe elected government for favorable tax and trade policies leading to an unfair distribution of income, that also can not be construed as providing for the general welfare.
One chart that shows how much worse income inequality is in America than Europe
Progressive taxation compensates for the "free ride" the donor class receives from bribing politicians at all levels of government.
So I have a couple of different points.
First, there is this weird idea that companies and rich people, are bribing politicians.
This is mythology. It's what the elite politicians in our government, want the mindless lemmings that support them, to believe.
Go back to Al Gore making calls from the office of the vice-president. Were rich wealthy people calling up Al Gore and bribing him? No. Al Gore was calling up rich wealthy people, and asking them for donations in exchange for favorable policy.
Were rich and wealthy calling up Bill Clinton, to ask to spend the night at the White House? Or was Bill Clinton offering a night in the Lincoln Bedroom for a fee?
In all cases, it's the elite politicians that are shaking down corporations and the wealthy. Not the other way around.
And this is exactly why the left-wing favors high taxes. Most of the people you vote for and support, all know that the wealthy are not going to pay those high taxes. But they need to dupe stupid lefties into thinking they work, so they can push high taxes?
Well think about it. If the tax rate on the rich is 30%... there is no way they can get give an exemption that lowers the tax rate on a wealthy person, lower than it would be someone in a lower tax bracket. That would get them voted out of office.
But if the tax rate is 70%, then they can convince wealthy people to give money to their campaign in exchange for an exemption that lowers their taxes to 40%... and the mindless lemmings that voted these very politicians in office, won't complain because they are still paying more in taxes than themselves.
The left-wing politicians play their supports like fools, all the way to the bank. The politicians enrich themselves, the wealthy get their deductions, and the mindless lemmings follow right behind not knowing they are supporting their own overlords.
Second, you have this strange idea that the top 1% earning more than the bottom, is unexpected or wrong.
Before I get into why it is completely expected, and good..... first you need to know that your own position is immoral. Any argument based on greed and envy, is a bad argument, and immoral and evil.
No matter how you cut it, or how you view this topic.... saying "they have more, and that's wrong" is an argument of greed and envy. That's another way of saying... evil. It is an evil argument. Which of course is why every society based on such ideology ends up in ruins.
That said, why is it expected and good that the top 1% will get greater and greater income over time?
To understand you need only think of yourself as a store owner. You own a store that is producing income. The income you collect from a store is relatively modest given your investment. Let us say that after paying a manager, and keeping money for repairs and maintenance to the store, you end up with a total income of about $100,000.
Using your income, you save money and decide to open another store. The new store also produces $100,000.
After you have 10 stores open, you have an income of $1 Million dollars. However, how much do the employees make? The same amount. The amount of money the employees make doesn't change. Why is that?
Because the amount of profit the store makes hasn't changed. Just because your income went up, doesn't mean that the customers buying a dozen eggs at your store, have started paying more money for eggs. Since the customers are not willing to pay more for the same product.... the profit of the store hasn't changed. Since the profit at the store has not changed, then neither have the wages you can pay your employees.
So naturally over time we would expect that the people who invest into the economy, are going to continually have an ever increasing income. Obviously if an investment didn't have a profitable return, they wouldn't do it.
Which leads to the second point, which is that it is a good thing.
Investor people investing into the economy, creates growth. An average store can cost upwards of $2 Million dollars, and creates dozens of jobs.
Would society be better off with lower employment, fewer stores, fewer products, and less growth? Of course not.
But if we forced employee pay to rise with owner pay, or CEO pay, then the moment your pay doubled, the pay of your employees would go up enough to make the store un-profitable. If you are losing money on a store that cost $2 Million dollars to open.... why would you do it? It would be better for you to invest your money in the market, and earn an 8% return. Just don't build the store, don't hire the people, and relax collecting your dividends. Or you could invest in another country without stupid unprofitable rules.
Regardless, the result of such a system is less growth, and less wealth for the lower and middle class.
Third, you compare the US to 'europe' as if 'europe' is a valid comparison.
Now to clarify, I have no problem in evaluating specific policies in specific situations. But to compare "Europe" as if Europe was a monolithic body of countries with similar policies across similar cultures, is ridiculous.
Greece and Spain, are drastically different than France and Britain, which is very different than Sweden and Denmark.
All of these countries are drastically different.
For example, France is in the middle of a lower and middle class revolt. Yeah, the difference income between the rich and poor, is smaller in France. That's true. But is that good? Well look at the working people, and how they are reacting to their economy. They are protesting, and burning cars. Yes, the rich in France are not as rich.... but the poor are poorer.
This again is how you can tell that your ideology is based on Greed and Envy. When you see the lower class worse off, and think this is good, because the rich are worse off as well.... then you have an immoral basis for your policies.
However, if you look at Denmark and Sweden and such, there it is also true that the difference between the rich and poor are not as great as the US, but the reasons are entirely different. The rich in those countries are still exceptionally rich and wealthy. The difference is, the rest of the population has moved up to higher paying jobs.
And that's great. But it isn't due to economic policy. It is due to cultural values. Homogeneous culture, means people have similar values to succeed and advance. Swedens are more likely to get degrees and move into STEM fields which routinely pay more. Equally they have very low immigration, which means a smaller low-skill work force.
This is why McDonald's in Denmark, with zero minimum wage, pays $16/hour. The supply of low-skill labor is low. Supply and demand, pushes up wages.
If Denmark had a counter culture of minorities who do not move into degreed fields, and stem fields, and if Denmark had excessive immigration of low-skilled workers, then the difference between the rich and poor, would drastically increase.