georgephillip, docmauser1,
et al,
I may be confused here.
"The Arab tribes that settled Jund Filastin after the Muslim conquest were the Lakhm, Kindah, Qais, Amilah, Judham and the Kinanah;[1] at the time of the Arab conquest, the region had been inhabited mainly by Aramaic-speaking Monophysite Christian peasants. The population of the region did not become predominantly Muslim and Arab in identity until several centuries after the conquest. "At its greatest extent, Jund Filastin extended from Rafah in the south to Lajjun in the north, and from the Mediterranean coast well to the east of the southern part of the Jordan River. The mountains of Edom, and the town of Zoar at the southeastern end of the Dead Sea were included in the district..." Jews will always have Brooklyn.
Ah, arab expansionism.
As opposed to creeping (Zionist) annexation proudly sponsored by:
U.S. Vetoes of UN Security Council Resolutions Critical to Israel | Jewish Virtual Library
(COMMENT)
I thought the last veto on these issues was in 2011, and it was placed on veto for diplomatic cause?
Vetoed UNSC Draft Resolution said:
Condemning the continuation of settlement activities by Israel, the occupying Power, in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and of all other measures aimed at altering the demographic composition, character and status of the Territory, in violation of international humanitarian law and relevant resolutions,
1. Reaffirms that the Israeli settlements established in the Palestinian Territory occupied since 1967, including East Jerusalem, are illegal and constitute a major obstacle to the achievement of a just, lasting and comprehensive peace;
SOURCE: S/2011/24 18 February 2011
The proposed resolution, supra, included a statement to "violation" and a statement to the "obstacle for peace." But the veto was based on:
a. Article V - TRANSITIONAL PERIOD AND PERMANENT STATUS NEGOTIATIONS
(A/48/486 S/26560 11 October 1993) Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements
3. It is understood that these negotiations shall cover remaining issues, including: Jerusalem, refugees,
settlements, security arrangements, borders, relations and cooperation with other neighbours, and other issues of common interest.
b. Nothing in the accords prevents the establishment of settlements.
Section B - Specific Understandings and Agreements, Article IV, Paragraph 1, Agreed Minutes to the Declaration of Principles on Interim Self-Government Arrangements
(A/48/486 S/26560 11 October 1993) and
(A/51/889 S/1997/357 5 May 1997)
1. Jurisdiction of the Council will cover West Bank and Gaza Strip territory, except for issues that will be negotiated in the permanent status negotiations: Jerusalem, settlements, military locations and Israelis.
ARTICLE XII (Oslo II)
Arrangements for Security and Public Order
1. In order to guarantee public order and internal security for the Palestinians of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, the Council shall establish a strong police force as set out in Article XIV below. Israel shall continue to carry the responsibility for defense against external threats, including the responsibility for protecting the Egyptian and Jordanian borders, and for defense against external threats from the sea and from the air, as well as the responsibility for overall security of Israelis and Settlements, for the purpose of safeguarding their internal security and public order, and will have all the powers to take the steps necessary to meet this responsibility.
2. Agreed security arrangements and coordination mechanisms are specified in Annex I.
3. A Joint Coordination and Cooperation Committee for Mutual Security Purposes (hereinafter "the JSC"), as well as Joint Regional Security Committees (hereinafter "RSCs") and Joint District Coordination Offices (hereinafter "DCOs"), are hereby established as provided for in Annex I.
4. The security arrangements provided for in this Agreement and in Annex I may be reviewed at the request of either Party and may be amended by mutual agreement of the Parties. Specific review arrangements are included in Annex I.
5. For the purpose of this Agreement, "the Settlements" means, in the West Bank - the settlements in Area C; and in the Gaza Strip - the Gush Katif and Erez settlement areas, as well as the other settlements in the Gaza Strip, as shown on attached map No. 2.
CHAPTER 3 - LEGAL AFFAIRS - ARTICLE XVII - Jurisdiction
(A/51/889 S/1997/357 5 May 1997)a. The territorial jurisdiction of the Council shall encompass Gaza Strip territory, except for the Settlements and the Military Installation Area shown on map No. 2, and West Bank territory, except for Area C which, except for the issues that will be negotiated in the permanent status negotiations, will be gradually transferred to Palestinian jurisdiction in three phases, each to take place after an interval of six months, to be completed 18 months after the inauguration of the Council. At this time, the jurisdiction of the Council will cover West Bank and Gaza Strip territory, except for the issues that will be negotiated in the permanent status negotiations.
Territorial jurisdiction includes land, subsoil and territorial waters, in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement.
b. The functional jurisdiction of the Council extends to all powers and responsibilities transferred to the Council, as specified in this Agreement or in any future agreements that may be reached between the Parties during the interim period.
c. The territorial and functional jurisdiction of the Council will apply to all persons, except for Israelis, unless otherwise provided in this Agreement.
d. Notwithstanding subparagraph a. above, the Council shall have functional jurisdiction in Area C, as detailed in Article IV of Annex III.
3. The Council has, within its authority, legislative, executive and judicial powers and responsibilities, as provided for in this Agreement.
4. a. Israel, through its military government, has the authority over areas that are not under the territorial jurisdiction of the Council, powers and responsibilities not transferred to the Council and Israelis.
b. To this end, the Israeli military government shall retain the necessary legislative, judicial and executive powers and responsibilities, in accordance with international law. This provision shall not derogate from Israel's applicable legislation over Israelis in personam.
Nothing in the Accords actually prohibits the development of settlements. It is a matter to be negotiated and placed in the permanent status negotiations. Until then, the interim agreement set the conditions for authority and jurisdiction.
Similarly, the International Court of Justice,
Summary Judgment in Advisory Opinion #5, does say that "The Court concludes that the Israeli settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (including East Jerusalem) have been established in breach of international law." (Paras. 115-122)(Page 10) However, the Court was not a hearing and adversarial. Both sides were not presented, and the Court did not consider the Oslo Accords.
Third point is, none of the settlements are annexed territories. That is still in the permanent status negotiations pending final settlement and peace; by interim agreement between the Israelis and Palestinians (force of law).
THUS: VETO for technical cause.
Most Respectfully,
R
