To obtain the most current access measures possible, the Commission sponsors a telephone survey each year of a nationally representative, random sample of two groups of people: Medicare beneficiaries age 65 years or older and privately insured individuals age 50 to 64. The overall sample size is 4,000 in each group (totaling 8,000 completed interviews, including an oversample of minority respondents).2 By surveying both groups of people— privately insured individuals and Medicare beneficiaries— we can assess the extent to which access problems, such as delays in scheduling an appointment and difficulty finding a new physician, are unique to the Medicare population.
Results from our 2010 survey indicate that most beneficiaries have reliable access to physician services, with most reporting few or no access problems. Most beneficiaries are able to schedule timely medical appointments and find a new physician when needed, but some beneficiaries experience problems, particularly when they are looking for a primary care physician. Medicare beneficiaries reported similar or better access than privately insured individuals age 50 to 64.
On a national level, this survey does not find widespread physician access problems, but certain market areas may be experiencing more access problems than others due to factors unrelated to Medicare—or even private— payment rates, such as relatively rapid population growth. Moreover, although the share of beneficiaries reporting major problems finding a primary care physician is small, this issue is a serious concern not only to the beneficiaries who are personally affected but also—on a larger scale—for the functioning of our health care delivery system. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (PPACA) contains several provisions to enhance access to primary care, including increasing Medicare payments for primary care services provided by primary care practitioners. This policy marks an important step toward ensuring access, but more levers should be explored. Regulatory changes have also resulted in some payment increases for services that primary care providers frequently provide. The Commission will continue examining multiple approaches for improving Medicare’s payment policies to promote primary care.
Most beneficiaries report timely appointments
Because most Medicare beneficiaries have one or more doctor appointments in a given year, an important access indicator we examine is beneficiaries’ ability to schedule timely appointments. In the 2010 survey, among those seeking an appointment, most beneficiaries (75 percent) and most privately insured individuals (72 percent) reported “never” having to wait longer than they wanted for an appointment for routine care (Table 4-1). Another 17 percent of Medicare beneficiaries and 21 percent of privately insured individuals reported that they “sometimes” had to wait longer than they wanted for a routine appointment. The differences between the Medicare and privately insured populations in their “never” and “sometimes” response rates were statistically significant, suggesting that Medicare beneficiaries were more satisfied with the timeliness of their routine care appointments.
As expected, rates for getting timely illness- and injury- related appointments were better than rates for routine care appointments. Among those needing appointments, Medicare beneficiaries were more likely than privately insured individuals to report “never” having problems getting timely illness or injury appointments (83 percent of Medicare beneficiaries and 80 percent of privately insured individuals); 13 percent of Medicare beneficiaries and 15 percent of privately insured individuals reported “sometimes” having to wait longer than they wanted. These differences are statistically significant, suggesting that Medicare beneficiaries were slightly less likely than privately insured individuals to encounter delays for illness and injury appointments. [...]
Finding a primary care physician appeared to be more difficult for privately insured individuals than for Medicare beneficiaries. Specifically, among the small share of people (7 percent in each insurance group) who looked for a new primary care physician in the past year, 79 percent of Medicare beneficiaries and 69 percent of privately insured individuals reported that they had no problem finding one. This difference is statistically significant.