There are some people out there who think Obama could actually become Vice President and then be appointed to the office of President if something happened to Biden. To those people I say: It can't happen.
According to the U.S. Constitution, Obama could never become Biden's Vice President. First, the Constitution provides that a Vice President cannot be elected if he/she is constitutional ineligible to the office of President. Second, the Constitution provides that no person can hold the office of President for more than two terms. Therefore, since Obama has served two terms as President he cannot hold that office again, and since he is unqualified for the office of the presidency he cannot become Vice President. The relevant portions of the Constitution are found in Amendments XII and XXII and they are provided below.
Amendment XII
“The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President, shall be the Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed, and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States” (emphasis my own).
Amendment XXII
Section 1
“No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice, and no person who has held the office of President, or acted as President, for more than two years of a term to which some other person was elected President shall be elected to the office of the President more than once. But this article shall not apply to any person holding the office of President when this article was proposed by the Congress, and shall not prevent any person who may be holding the office of President, or acting as President, during the term within which this article becomes operative from holding the office of President or acting as President during the remainder of such term.”
Obama would not be eligible to run for the office of Vice President. When the Constitution says, “But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States” it means that no one who is ineligible to be ELECTED President can Be ELECTED as Vice President. So what does it take to be eligible to run for the office of president? Well, according to Article II, Section 1, he must be a natural born citizen, at least 35 years old and have resided in the United States for 14 years; further, according to Amendment 22, Section 1, he cannot have been previously elected to the office for two terms.
Some people think that Obama could become Vice President and serve again as President if something happened to Biden because he would be appointed to that position rather than being elected. This is not true. In order to become Vice President Obama would have to be elected to that position; however, the Constitution prohibits him from becoming Vice President since he is not qualified to be President. The language of the Constitution is plain and simple: Obama's gone. Obama's final departure from the presidency reminds me of this old country song:
From the OP:
The answer seems to be pretty straightforward. The 12th Amendment to the Constitution
states that "no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States." And the 22nd Amendment, the political response to Franklin Roosevelt's impressive run of presidential victories,
capped presidents to two terms. Ergo: No Clinton-Clinton or Bush-Bush. Or Biden-Obama, for that matter. Done and done, right?
The answer
seems straightforward. But it is less straightforward than it appears.
Michael Dorf is a professor of constitutional law at Cornell University. In 2000, he
argued that an Al Gore-Bill Clinton ticket could withstand legal scrutiny. And when we spoke by phone on Thursday, he said that he stood by that argument.
The rough outline of his argument is this: The 22nd Amendment doesn't say you can't be president for more than two terms. It says you can't be
elected president twice. If a Biden-Obama ticket won (which we'll get to), and tragedy were to befall Joe Biden, Barack Obama could become president, according to the letter of the law (which we'll also get to), since he wasn't elected to the position. As such, Obama is not constitutionally ineligible to serve as president.
What's more, Dorf said, the case of
Powell v. McCormack in 1968 established precedent for a narrow reading of what constitutes "eligibility." In that case, the House sought to prevent Adam Clayton Powell from being sworn in as a representative, arguing that the Constitution gave them the ability to "
be the judge of ... qualifications" to sit in the House. The Supreme Court disagreed, deciding that the House couldn't add new qualifications (in Powell's case, that he faced legal problems) by which to deem someone eligible.
"I interpret the Powell case to mean that when the Constitution refers to 'qualifications,' or whether someone is 'qualified' for an office, that's a kind of term of art," Dorf said. "When we learn that the vice president has to have the qualifications for the office of the presidency, that is also a term of art. We look to the part of the Constitution that tells us what it takes to be qualified to be president, and not having served two prior terms is not among them."
"The 22nd Amendment, to my mind, is a sort of stand-alone provision," he continued. And that provision says "elected." "The drafters of this language knew the difference between getting elected to an office and holding an office. They could have just said 'no person may hold the office of president more than twice.' But they didn't."
Here's the interesting part, though: Dorf also notes the distinction between
running for the vice presidency and
becoming vice president. I asked him where a challenge would arise to a Biden-Obama candidacy, and his response was that it would come up at the Electoral College -- or once Congress was asked to certify the already-voted-upon results. There's a completely valid argument to be made that the country would never
elect Barack Obama as vice president, of course, in part because is seems to violate the spirit of the 22nd amendment. But if we did, it wouldn't actually become a constitutional question until after Election Day. Remember: We don't elect the president and vice president; the Electoral College does.