A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed
It's incredible how authoritarians try to twist the meaning of this phrase, but alas, it is very plain and obvious what it states.
First, it should be noted that the 2nd amendment ( and all amendments in the Bill of Rights) is addressing the government not the people. It isn't granting people any right. Rather, it is reminding the government of an infringement it has not the power to impose.
Everyone, by natural law according to the core constitution, has inalienable rights. All such rights imaginable, listed or not, are available to the people so long as they do not impose upon the rights of others. These rights are not granted by the government, and so cannot be removed by the government. Furthermore, they are inalienable and thus can never be revoked or overwritten by the states either.
This means that the 2nd amendment can never be revoked, nor can it be overwritten. It is not, in any way, a limitation or a granted privilege upon the citizens. Like the rest of The Bill of Rights, it is merely a reminder to the government of its own limitations, and those limitations are not exclusive to that list. The government is restricted from all things unless explicitly stated otherwise. For the people, it is the opposite, they have every right, unless it infringes on the rights of others.
The above is important, because sometimes I think us pro 2nd amendment people set ourselves up for a weakened position by relying too much on the amendment itself. It's easy to fall back on, but it's important to realize that the right to bear arms is not just one asterisk in the document. It is a fundamental right that no man, nor government of man can EVER remove or infringe upon.
"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State,"
This is merely context. It's stating an objective, not a requirement or a restriction.
",the right of the people to keep and bear Arms,"
This is the object of the sentence. It mentions nothing of a militia. It refers merely to the people and their right to bear arms. No restrictions are built into this object. It doesn't say "right to bear small arms" or right to "bear arms on tuesdays". It is quite succinctly, the right to bear arms without any conditions attached.
, shall not be infringed.
This is the directive. As such, you'll note that it is not directed toward the people. It is directed towards the government. The reader, in this case, isn't the people, it is those elected to run the government.
There is absolutely no ambiguity. The location of the commas is very important. Every attempt I've seen to bastardize the meaning of the 2nd amendment involves either eliminating or moving the commas or claiming that the amendment itself is granting the right, when in fact, it does not.
We could talk day in and day out about things the Founding Father's didn't know about- like pocket nukes or grenades that are often used to debate these principles. My goal here is not to argue for or against such debates. What I can tell you is that simply put, the right to bear arms can't be infringed. It's pretty simple.
The Founding Fathers lived in a time where it was fine and reasonable for any person to own the most sophisticated military tech of the time. If you wanted, you could have the newest gun or war galley. There was literally no restriction. Would they change their tune if they saw a bazooka, or a grenade, or an A10? I don't know, but honestly, I doubt it. They were tough sons of Bitches who thought the best way to live was to throw the dice and go with the results.
We are seeing a similar trend with nukes anyways. As more countries get them, the world becomes more peaceful. You could consider this the country sized version of armed against tyranny. Can you blame North Korea for wanting nukes? No, you may not like it, but for them, it's the same insurance policy against imperialism that our AR 15s are against tyranny.
So really, I don't know where to draw that line. If I had to choose between everyone having literally any weapon or nobody having any weapon, I'll take the former. To remove weapons from the equation is to return us to the days of governance by force rather than reason.