Sure.. Palestine always existed under some IMPERIALIST entity.. But NEVER as a sovereign country.
In fact -- at the time of your Roman Map --- who were the DOMINANT organized entity in what is now Israel?
Who had a Temple destroyed by the Romans and Masada in the lifetime of that map?
Al Asqa mosque was about 600 years AFTER that map... For reference.
I am not sure what "never as a sovereign country" has to do with it. Most post colonial states were never sovereign countries until decolonization.
Meaning that they established governments operating under Colonial rule. Ones that actually GOVERNED. Not crazy religious zealots who wielded influence.