Only if you discount any and all other possible explanations, like a weaker magnetosphere, out of hand and downplay the infinite about of organic compensatory mechanisms.It doesn't by itself. What we do is look at other evidence than the chart. For instance:
1) it is a scientific fact that CO2 and green house gasses absorb certain bandwidths of infra-red radiation more than other atmospheric gases
2) it is a fact that we have been producing enough CO2 to significantly increase the atmosphere's CO2 content. We know this based on the known approximate mass of fossil fuels burnt since the industrial revolution, and the basic chemistry that tells us how much CO2 will be released when a fossil fuel is burnt
3) We have observed said CO2 increase
4) We have observed temperature increases
Given that we know CO2 CAN cause the earth to warm, given that we've been emitting gigatons of the stuff over the past hundred fifty years or so, and given that we've observed a rise in temperatures - what other conclusion would you draw? Mere coincidence?
The planet is not in a bell jar, and your "conclusions" cannot be repeated on demand in the context of a dynamic system....If you can't recreate it on demand, it's not science.