It depends on which country you're from and your status. We pay state taxes, city taxes, property taxes, school taxes, SS tax, Medicare tax, etc. Non-citizens don't pay all the taxes we pay, especially if they are from a treaty country. I'd like to follow the French model as explained on a previous post...
Non-Resident Aliens main page
I pay state taxes, city taxes, property taxes, school taxes, SS tax, Medicare tax, etc. There is no taxes that Americans pay that I don't pay.