Incoming from the Oort Cloud



Actually, the Oort Cloud is pure speculation, we don't really know if it is there or not. The estimates of the comet are more like 100 km in diameter, not 300km, and even 100 may be exaggerated if the nucleus is already active as it appears it is.


And it's not really orbiting the Sun and has no chance of coming closer than Saturn; C/2014 is a rogue object crossing at right angles to the plane of the solar system which was likely either just a random interloper or was weakly captured by the Sun from another passing star and will likely be given up at aphelion back into the interstellar medium never to be seen again.
 

Incoming Visitor From the Oort Cloud Could Be Among the Largest Comets Ever Documented​

The newly detected object is somewhere between 62 and 230 miles long.​

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The mystery object is called 2014 UN271, and it’s currently 22 AU from the Sun (in which 1 AU is the average distance of Earth to the Sun), which means it has already passed the orbit of Neptune. The International Astronomical Union Minor Planet Center announced the detection on June 19. This object will travel another 11.1 AU before reaching its perihelion point (closest approach to the Sun) in 2031, after which 2014 UN271 will begin its long journey back to the Oort cloud.

Algorithms spotted the object in data collected by the Dark Energy Survey (DES) from 2014 to 2018, as Samantha Lawler, an astronomer at the University of Regina in Saskatchewan, Canada, explained in an email. Nearly 40 distinct observations of 2014 UN271 were made during this timespan, allowing astronomers to estimate its size, speed, and trajectory.
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The object was initially spotted at a distance of 29 AU from the Sun, and it has traveled 7 AU during the past seven years. It follows an exceptionally elongated orbit, but the exact orbital period remains uncertain, with estimates ranging from 400,000 to 1 million years. Speaking to me over the phone, Meg Schwamb, a lecturer at Queen’s University in Belfast and an expert on Kuiper Belt objects, said the estimated orbital periods are within the expected range for comets.

“There’s a lot of uncertainty in how far away this object will get from the Sun at its most distant, but the close-approach distance is quite well measured,” said Lawler. “This is because we’re seeing it a lot closer to its closest approach than at its most distant point, and it’s very weakly bound to the Sun because of its huge orbit, so small changes in close approach result in huge changes in the most distant point in the orbit.”
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Astronomers also don’t know if 10.9 AU—the closest this object will get to the Sun during its current orbit—is close enough to kindle cometary activity.

“Some cometary activity has been observed at these distances, but most comets need to get closer to the Sun before they grow a coma and a tail,” said Lawler. “So, we really don’t know. The cool part is, we’re going to get to find out over the next decade!”

Should 2014 UN271 flare up into a comet, it likely won’t be visible to the unaided eye or binoculars. But at an estimated magnitude between 16 and 17, it will most certainly be visible to telescopes.
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