Hamilton did not agree with Madison. Why should Hamilton's view be rejected in favor of Madison?but the phrase is 'general welfare of the United States' - 'of' - general welfare of - of who/whom?
The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States
United States means the several States of the United States, the District of Columbia, and the commonwealths, territories, and possessions of the United States.
James Madision Fed. 41
"general welfare," as used in the Constitution, is defined by the enumerated powers listed directly afterward, nothing more and nothing less.
Hamilton and Madison actually switched sides on principle in the battle between Jefferson and Chief Justice Marshall. So in effect, they disagreed with each other and then with themselves.
cute eh?