Arctic Ice Melt: The Warmer are full of Soot

[CrusaderFrank]

"Environmental chemist Liaquat Husain of the University at Albany-SUNY had hit a snag on his models that tested the impact of soot on the Arctic climate. He needed more data. Luckily, when he explained his need for historical atmospheric measurements at a lecture in Helsinki, his pleas fell on the perfect sets of ears..."

Article is firewalled but actual soot emissions are not just higher than the AGWCult models, they are 4 times higher than the AGWCult models. Soot is the leading cause of any Arctic Ice melt.

Expect the AGWCult models to remain unchanged as Husain is driven from the Collective and the data is altered to fit the theory

Cold War Data Reveals Soot Surprise DiscoverMagazine.com

 

[Old Rocks]

Arctic Ocean Warming Contributes to Reduced Polar Ice Cap
Igor V.Polyakov,aLeonid A.Timokhov,bVladimir A.Alexeev,aSheldonBacon,cIgor A.Dmitrenko,dLouisFortier,eIvan E.Frolov,bJean-ClaudeGascard,fEdmondHansen,gVladimir V.Ivanov,a,hSeymourLaxon,iCecilieMauritzen,jDonPerovich,kKojiShimada,lHarper L.Simmons,aVladimir T.Sokolov,bMichaelSteele,m and JohnToolen
a International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska

b Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia

c National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, United Kingdom

d Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Kiel, IFM-GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany

e Québec-Océan and ArcticNet, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada

f LOCEAN, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris, France

g Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromsø, Norway

i University College London, London, United Kingdom

j Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway

k Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire

l Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan

m Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Lab, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

n Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts





Abstract
Analysis of modern and historical observations demonstrates that the temperature of the intermediate-depth (150–900 m) Atlantic water (AW) of the Arctic Ocean has increased in recent decades. The AW warming has been uneven in time; a local ∼1°C maximum was observed in the mid-1990s, followed by an intervening minimum and an additional warming that culminated in 2007 with temperatures higher than in the 1990s by 0.24°C. Relative to climatology from all data prior to 1999, the most extreme 2007 temperature anomalies of up to 1°C and higher were observed in the Eurasian and Makarov Basins. The AW warming was associated with a substantial (up to 75–90 m) shoaling of the upper AW boundary in the central Arctic Ocean and weakening of the Eurasian Basin upper-ocean stratification. Taken together, these observations suggest that the changes in the Eurasian Basin facilitated greater upward transfer of AW heat to the ocean surface layer. Available limited observations and results from a 1D ocean column model support this surmised upward spread of AW heat through the Eurasian Basin halocline. Experiments with a 3D coupled ice–ocean model in turn suggest a loss of 28–35 cm of ice thickness after ∼50 yr in response to the 0.5 W m−2 increase in AW ocean heat flux suggested by the 1D model. This amount of thinning is comparable to the 29 cm of ice thickness loss due to local atmospheric thermodynamic forcing estimated from observations of fast-ice thickness decline. The implication is that AW warming helped precondition the polar ice cap for the extreme ice loss observed in recent years.

Gee whiz, a warmer ocean could not possibly have anything to do with it, right?

 

[Old Rocks]

And just what made that ocean warmer?

 

[CrusaderFrank]

And just what made that ocean warmer?

I'm a little foggy on the method by which atmospheric CO2 warmed the ocean 900M down. Can you enlighten me?

 

[Old Rocks]

Why certainly, Frankie Boy. It is called ocean circulation.
Ocean Circulation

 

[CrusaderFrank]

Why certainly, Frankie Boy. It is called ocean circulation.
Ocean Circulation

Did you read the article before you posted it?

 

[Old Rocks]

Take away ideas and understandings

1. What drives ocean circulation? Seawater flows along the horizontal plane and in the vertical. Typical speeds of the horizontal flow or currents are 0.01-1.0 m/s; vertical speeds within the stratified ocean are much smaller, closer to 0.001 m/s. Two forces produce the non-tidal ocean currents: the wind exerting a stress on the sea surface and by buoyancy (heat and freshwater) fluxes between the ocean and atmosphere that alter the density of the surface water. The former induces what we call the wind driven ocean circulation, the latter the thermohaline circulation. The wind driven circulation is by far the more energetic but for the most part resides in the upper kilometer. The sluggish thermohaline circulation reaches in some regions to the sea floor, and is associated with ocean overturning linked the formation and spreading of the major water masses of the global ocean, such as North Atlantic Deep Water and Antarctic Bottom Water.
2. Wind induced upwelling: The wind stress acting on the surface layer of the ocean induces movement of that water. This is called Ekman Layer transport, which extends to the surface 50 to 200 meters. The Ekman transport is directed at 90° to the direction of the wind, to the right of the wind in the northern hemisphere, left of the wind in the southern hemisphere. As the wind varies from place to place, Ekman transport can produce divergence (upwelling) or convergence (sinking) of surface water.
3. Geostrophic Currents: The surface layer is less dense (more buoyant) than the deeper layers, therefore a spatially variable Ekman transport field acts to redistribute the buoyant surface water: thinning the buoyancy surface layer in divergence regions, thickening the buoyant surface layer in convergence regions. As the ocean is in hydrostatic equilibrium, the redistribution of the buoyant surface layer induces sea level "valleys" in divergent regions and "hills" in convergence regions. While these hills and valleys amount to only a 1.5 meter in amplitude, they are sufficient to induce horizontal pressure gradients which initiate the wind driven circulation following the geostrophic balance concept. The ocean currents are for the most part geostrophic, meaning that the Coriolis Force balances the horizontal pressure gradients. The wind driven circulation is characterized by large clock-wise and counter clock-wise flowing gyres, such as the subtropical and sub polar gyres. The Antarctic Circumpolar Current is also a wind driven current; in contrast to the subtropical gyres it reaches the sea floor.
4. Thermohaline Circulation: As surface water is made denser through the removal of heat or freshwater, the surface layer descends to deeper depths. If the stratification is weak and the buoyancy removal sufficient, the descent would reach the deep sea floor. Such deep reaching convention occurs in the northern North Atlantic (North Atlantic Deep Water) and around Antarctica (Antarctic Bottom Water). The thermohaline circulation engages the full volume of the ocean into the climate system, by allowing all of the ocean water to 'meet' and interact directly the atmosphere (on a time scale of 100-1000 years).

Not all of it, as most of it is repeating things I have already read from other sources. You heat the atmosphere, you heat the oceans. There is an atmospheric-ocean link. You can learn more about that link by following the links in the article.

 

[CrusaderFrank]

From the unread linked article:

"Take away ideas and understandings

1. What drives ocean circulation? Seawater flows along the horizontal plane and in the vertical. Typical speeds of the horizontal flow or currents are 0.01-1.0 m/s; vertical speeds within the stratified ocean are much smaller, closer to 0.001 m/s. Two forces produce the non-tidal ocean currents: the wind exerting a stress on the sea surface and by buoyancy (heat and freshwater) fluxes between the ocean and atmosphere that alter the density of the surface water. The former induces what we call the wind driven ocean circulation, the latter the thermohaline circulation. The wind driven circulation is by far the more energetic but for the most part resides in the upper kilometer. The sluggish thermohaline circulation reaches in some regions to the sea floor, and is associated with ocean overturning linked the formation and spreading of the major water masses of the global ocean, such as North Atlantic Deep Water and Antarctic Bottom Water.
2. Wind induced upwelling: The wind stress acting on the surface layer of the ocean induces movement of that water. This is called Ekman Layer transport, which extends to the surface 50 to 200 meters. The Ekman transport is directed at 90° to the direction of the wind, to the right of the wind in the northern hemisphere, left of the wind in the southern hemisphere. As the wind varies from place to place, Ekman transport can produce divergence (upwelling) or convergence (sinking) of surface water.
3. Geostrophic Currents: The surface layer is less dense (more buoyant) than the deeper layers, therefore a spatially variable Ekman transport field acts to redistribute the buoyant surface water: thinning the buoyancy surface layer in divergence regions, thickening the buoyant surface layer in convergence regions. As the ocean is in hydrostatic equilibrium, the redistribution of the buoyant surface layer induces sea level "valleys" in divergent regions and "hills" in convergence regions. While these hills and valleys amount to only a 1.5 meter in amplitude, they are sufficient to induce horizontal pressure gradients which initiate the wind driven circulation following the geostrophic balance concept. The ocean currents are for the most part geostrophic, meaning that the Coriolis Force balances the horizontal pressure gradients. The wind driven circulation is characterized by large clock-wise and counter clock-wise flowing gyres, such as the subtropical and sub polar gyres. The Antarctic Circumpolar Current is also a wind driven current; in contrast to the subtropical gyres it reaches the sea floor.
4. Thermohaline Circulation: As surface water is made denser through the removal of heat or freshwater, the surface layer descends to deeper depths. If the stratification is weak and the buoyancy removal sufficient, the descent would reach the deep sea floor. Such deep reaching convention occurs in the northern North Atlantic (North Atlantic Deep Water) and around Antarctica (Antarctic Bottom Water). The thermohaline circulation engages the full volume of the ocean into the climate system, by allowing all of the ocean water to 'meet' and interact directly the atmosphere (on a time scale of 100-1000 years)."

See, the reasons are: wind, currents and "surface water is made denser through the removal of heat or freshwater, the surface layer descends to deeper depths" so CO2 would have to remove heat from the surface to accomplish the third, since it's not responsible for the first two.

 

[CrusaderFrank]

Take away ideas and understandings

1. What drives ocean circulation? Seawater flows along the horizontal plane and in the vertical. Typical speeds of the horizontal flow or currents are 0.01-1.0 m/s; vertical speeds within the stratified ocean are much smaller, closer to 0.001 m/s. Two forces produce the non-tidal ocean currents: the wind exerting a stress on the sea surface and by buoyancy (heat and freshwater) fluxes between the ocean and atmosphere that alter the density of the surface water. The former induces what we call the wind driven ocean circulation, the latter the thermohaline circulation. The wind driven circulation is by far the more energetic but for the most part resides in the upper kilometer. The sluggish thermohaline circulation reaches in some regions to the sea floor, and is associated with ocean overturning linked the formation and spreading of the major water masses of the global ocean, such as North Atlantic Deep Water and Antarctic Bottom Water.
2. Wind induced upwelling: The wind stress acting on the surface layer of the ocean induces movement of that water. This is called Ekman Layer transport, which extends to the surface 50 to 200 meters. The Ekman transport is directed at 90° to the direction of the wind, to the right of the wind in the northern hemisphere, left of the wind in the southern hemisphere. As the wind varies from place to place, Ekman transport can produce divergence (upwelling) or convergence (sinking) of surface water.
3. Geostrophic Currents: The surface layer is less dense (more buoyant) than the deeper layers, therefore a spatially variable Ekman transport field acts to redistribute the buoyant surface water: thinning the buoyancy surface layer in divergence regions, thickening the buoyant surface layer in convergence regions. As the ocean is in hydrostatic equilibrium, the redistribution of the buoyant surface layer induces sea level "valleys" in divergent regions and "hills" in convergence regions. While these hills and valleys amount to only a 1.5 meter in amplitude, they are sufficient to induce horizontal pressure gradients which initiate the wind driven circulation following the geostrophic balance concept. The ocean currents are for the most part geostrophic, meaning that the Coriolis Force balances the horizontal pressure gradients. The wind driven circulation is characterized by large clock-wise and counter clock-wise flowing gyres, such as the subtropical and sub polar gyres. The Antarctic Circumpolar Current is also a wind driven current; in contrast to the subtropical gyres it reaches the sea floor.
4. Thermohaline Circulation: As surface water is made denser through the removal of heat or freshwater, the surface layer descends to deeper depths. If the stratification is weak and the buoyancy removal sufficient, the descent would reach the deep sea floor. Such deep reaching convention occurs in the northern North Atlantic (North Atlantic Deep Water) and around Antarctica (Antarctic Bottom Water). The thermohaline circulation engages the full volume of the ocean into the climate system, by allowing all of the ocean water to 'meet' and interact directly the atmosphere (on a time scale of 100-1000 years).

Not all of it, as most of it is repeating things I have already read from other sources. You heat the atmosphere, you heat the oceans. There is an atmospheric-ocean link. You can learn more about that link by following the links in the article.

Yes, thank you. This is the first time you're reading it

 

[CrusaderFrank]

Take away ideas and understandings

1. What drives ocean circulation? Seawater flows along the horizontal plane and in the vertical. Typical speeds of the horizontal flow or currents are 0.01-1.0 m/s; vertical speeds within the stratified ocean are much smaller, closer to 0.001 m/s. Two forces produce the non-tidal ocean currents: the wind exerting a stress on the sea surface and by buoyancy (heat and freshwater) fluxes between the ocean and atmosphere that alter the density of the surface water. The former induces what we call the wind driven ocean circulation, the latter the thermohaline circulation. The wind driven circulation is by far the more energetic but for the most part resides in the upper kilometer. The sluggish thermohaline circulation reaches in some regions to the sea floor, and is associated with ocean overturning linked the formation and spreading of the major water masses of the global ocean, such as North Atlantic Deep Water and Antarctic Bottom Water.
2. Wind induced upwelling: The wind stress acting on the surface layer of the ocean induces movement of that water. This is called Ekman Layer transport, which extends to the surface 50 to 200 meters. The Ekman transport is directed at 90° to the direction of the wind, to the right of the wind in the northern hemisphere, left of the wind in the southern hemisphere. As the wind varies from place to place, Ekman transport can produce divergence (upwelling) or convergence (sinking) of surface water.
3. Geostrophic Currents: The surface layer is less dense (more buoyant) than the deeper layers, therefore a spatially variable Ekman transport field acts to redistribute the buoyant surface water: thinning the buoyancy surface layer in divergence regions, thickening the buoyant surface layer in convergence regions. As the ocean is in hydrostatic equilibrium, the redistribution of the buoyant surface layer induces sea level "valleys" in divergent regions and "hills" in convergence regions. While these hills and valleys amount to only a 1.5 meter in amplitude, they are sufficient to induce horizontal pressure gradients which initiate the wind driven circulation following the geostrophic balance concept. The ocean currents are for the most part geostrophic, meaning that the Coriolis Force balances the horizontal pressure gradients. The wind driven circulation is characterized by large clock-wise and counter clock-wise flowing gyres, such as the subtropical and sub polar gyres. The Antarctic Circumpolar Current is also a wind driven current; in contrast to the subtropical gyres it reaches the sea floor.
4. Thermohaline Circulation: As surface water is made denser through the removal of heat or freshwater, the surface layer descends to deeper depths. If the stratification is weak and the buoyancy removal sufficient, the descent would reach the deep sea floor. Such deep reaching convention occurs in the northern North Atlantic (North Atlantic Deep Water) and around Antarctica (Antarctic Bottom Water). The thermohaline circulation engages the full volume of the ocean into the climate system, by allowing all of the ocean water to 'meet' and interact directly the atmosphere (on a time scale of 100-1000 years).

Not all of it, as most of it is repeating things I have already read from other sources. You heat the atmosphere, you heat the oceans. There is an atmospheric-ocean link. You can learn more about that link by following the links in the article.

The unread article said the surface gets cooler, not warmer

 

[Old Rocks]

What the fuck are you talking about, Frankie? The atmosphere in the tropics warms the water, and that warm water circulates to the north, or south, where the cold air at those latitudes are warmed by the water, and cool the water, which then sinks.

AOL Search

 

[Old Rocks]

Frankie Boy, try not to demonstrate your stupidity so blatantly. Water moves, air moves, the earth is a globe. Keep those facts in mind, and you have a beginning in seeing how air and water move heat.

 

[CrusaderFrank]

What the fuck are you talking about, Frankie? The atmosphere in the tropics warms the water, and that warm water circulates to the north, or south, where the cold air at those latitudes are warmed by the water, and cool the water, which then sinks.

AOL Search

Wait, you're not even going to bother to explain how your first article is a fail?

 

[CrusaderFrank]

Has the AGWCult updated their model to reflect reality?

 

[CrusaderFrank]

What the fuck are you talking about, Frankie? The atmosphere in the tropics warms the water, and that warm water circulates to the north, or south, where the cold air at those latitudes are warmed by the water, and cool the water, which then sinks.

AOL Search

0-2 Another unread, linked article

"The circulation of the surface ocean is driven primarily by surface winds. As we have seen, winds blow from areas of high atmospheric pressure to regions of low atmospheric pressure. These winds are generally transferring heat from areas where there is excess incoming radiation (the tropics and subtropics) to temperate and higher latitude regions where there is a net loss of heat. Typically speaking, the distribution of pressure on the Earth’s surface is zonal or meridional, with high-pressure bands covering the subtropics and polar regions and low pressure bands, the equatorial regions and subpolar regions.

Winds generally blow out from the subtropics towards the equator and subpolar regions and from the polar regions to the subpolar latitudes. Complicating matters is that the rotation of the Earth causes the winds to rotate as they move (the Coriolis effect). The rotation of the Earth causes an object to deflect towards the right (as viewed by a stationary observer) in the northern hemisphere, which results in a clockwise motion, and to deflect towards the left (as viewed by a stationary observer) in the southern hemisphere, which results in a counterclockwise motion. These rotations combined with the zonal distribution result in enormous, nearly ocean-scale major cells or gyres of surface winds."

No mention of a wisp of CO2 igniting water temperature 900m deep

 

[mamooth]

Poor confused Frank, humiliating himself again by failing to understand the difference between how soot works on sea ice vs. land ice.

At the more southern latitudes where the soot-from-China falls, the sea ice melts out every year. The soot has no chance to build up. In the more northern latitudes, the sea ice is tumbling about, so there's no soot build up on the surface there either. Soot means jack for sea ice melt.

Greenland and other land-based ice-sheets, that's another story. That's further south, the glacial ice doesn't tumble. Over the years, the soot does build up on the ice pack and increases the melt. Scientists have only known this since forever. Good of Frank to join the party.

Dark Snow Project

 

[SSDD]

Poor confused Frank, humiliating himself again by failing to understand the difference between how soot works on sea ice vs. land ice.

How does the soot know whether it is sitting on sea ice or land ice so that it can behave differently?

 

[mamooth]

Even for SSDD, that was stupid. He must have started drinking early.

 

[SSDD]

Even for SSDD, that was stupid. He must have started drinking early.

Humorless old woman. Unable to recognize ironic satire when it is directed your way. I won't bother explaining because you wouldn't get it anyway.

 

[mamooth]

So, SSDD's new theory is apparently that soot which falls on sea ice doesn't drop into the ocean when the sea ice melts. Instead, the soot magically levitates in place, which allows it to keep building up on the intermittent sea ice.

Sadly, that's actually more sensible than most of his theories.