I will try to look at all of this material and tell you what I think. I actually have a copy of the book of Mormon. I had two nice boys visit me once and I invited them in for a discussion. It was pleasant. I was genuinely curious. Having been born into a religious family and spending most of my early years deeply involved in religion, I have a certain perspective when approached by those wishing to discuss their faith. I try not to ever be rude, since usually it is a genuine desire to help and concern for fellow man that drives such acts. If I have time, I always try to invite people in and let them share what they believe. I listen carefully to what they say and while I do not want them to see me as oppositional, I do think it is fair to ask critical questions, especially pertaining to their specific faith. The boys who were the only Mormon visitors I've ever had, left me a copy of the book but seemed a little uncertain. I don't know if there is some level of training before being sent out and though I can't remember all the specifics (it's been a few years) I remember I would stop them at various points and ask about where this or that came from or how their beliefs fit in with science or other beliefs, etc... They seemed to be a bit unprepared for in-depth questions, which made me feel a bit sorry since I was not trying to make them uncomfortable or challenge their faith but instead was often asking out of genuine curiosity. Any thoughts?
There is a training center for missionaries and it varies how much time they spend there depending on if they have to learn a new language or not. From 3 weeks to 3 months is the typical duration of the MTC (Missionary Training Center). They
don't spend any time really studying scientific arguments, but rather study the scriptures themselves in an effort to emphasize the spiritual education as more important than the secular.
It's true, the kids are quite young and there are a few who take extra time to study the secular evidences such as myself, but really they are more for fun than anything. We've convinced ourselves spiritually that our way of life is approved of God, but we are encouraged to become secularly learned as well. Young elders(I do remark the irony of those two words used in succession), also are not all equal. As 19-21 year old youth are apt to do, they can sometimes be lazy and be less effective than their more studious counterparts. I don't think it's important that the kids know everything because their job is to teach people how to join the church and instruct basic doctrine. Bishops and church leaders must know all the deep stuff but usually the missionaries can answer most questions asked of them. Some questions have no answers because they aren't necessary for our salvation. But there are some elders that will flat out amaze you at what kind of people they are in their demeanor and wisdom.
Next time you see some elders, ask them any questions you want. I went on a mission too so you can always feel free to ask me on the thread The Truth about Mormons.
I welcome your questions.