In the immediate aftermath of the Second World War, Konrad Adenauer worked to construct a new Christian Democratic Union (CDU) political party in Germany's western occupied zones. He hoped the new CDU would be embraced by democratically minded Protestants and Catholics that would prevent the resurgence of the Prussianism that he felt had led to the rise of National Socialism and Hitler.
Adenauer's guiding vision was to integrate the new Federal Republic with other western states, especially with France and the United States, oppose Communism and build a reconstructed Germany. Adenauer recognized that the price of this Policy of Strength might lead to a permanently divided Germany. The leading opposition party advocated a united, Socialist (though anti-Communist) and neutral Germany.
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Adenauer prevailed, and though elderly at age 73, he would lead the West German government for the next 14 years. Taking advantage of opportunities provided by the developing Cold War and successfully balancing the political desires of the German people with those of the occupying western powers, Adenauer succeeded in restoring German national sovereignty, the establishment of close ties with the West, the reconciliation with France, and the unification of Europe; and the construction of a novel social market economy that led to the German “Economic Miracle.” His popularity waned in the early 1960s and he stepped down from power after one last triumph with the signing of the Franco-German Treaty which helped solidify the foundations of the European Union.