I don't know, that's why I'm asking.
What is holding African Americans back from being successful?
I believe the answer to that question is a lack of
discipline, which is essential to achieving anything worthwhile. And for discipline to be effectively instilled the training must begin in early childhood, which is why Asian kids are typically well-behaved, exceptional students. Their parents are very strict and demanding.
Some Black kids are fortunate enough to have constructively strict parents who understand the value of discipline. These are the Black kids we see behaving properly and succeeding in life. I've known quite a few of them.
Then there is the other type of Black. Those who derive from generations of dysfunctional descendants of slaves. Uneducated, anti-social and, most prominently, undisciplined. And because because they lacked any disciplinary influence during their development from infancy it requires an intensive effort to impart effective conditioning during adolescence. Consequently, the average predominately Black urban high school exists as a waste of time, money, and effort.
The only way to overcome this problem is by abandoning the prevailing notion that
forceful methods of teaching are counterproductive. That might be true in the example of well-disciplined kids who are willing to learn. But the typical Black adolescent thug who aspires to nothing more than pimping or high-level drug dealing, the bull must be taken by the horns and
forced to acknowledge the rules of proper behavior -- which includes obedience in class and demonstrating a willingness to learn.