As in Tunisia and Morocco, Algerian Jews did not face expulsion or asset confiscation or any similar government persecution under French colonial administration, and Zionist agents were allowed freedom of action to encourage emigration.
the Lebanese Jewish community did not face grave peril during the 1948 Arab-Israel War and was reasonably protected by governmental authorities
The Yemeni exodus began in 1881, seven months prior to the more well-known
First Aliyah from Eastern Europe.
[171] The exodus came about as a result of European Jewish investment in the
Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem, which created jobs for labouring Jews alongside local Muslim labour thereby providing an economic incentive for emigration
In March 1950 Iraq reversed their earlier ban on Jewish emigration to Israel and passed a law of one-year duration allowing Jews to emigrate on the condition of relinquishing their Iraqi citizenship. According to
Abbas Shiblak, many scholars state that this was a result of British, American and Israeli political pressure on
Tawfiq al-Suwaidi's government, with some studies suggesting there were secret negotiations.
[137] According to
Ian Black,
[138] the Iraqi government was motivated by "economic considerations, chief of which was that almost all the property of departing Jews reverted to the state treasury"
[138] and also that "Jews were seen as a restive and potentially troublesome minority that the country was best rid of."
[138] Israel mounted an operation called "
Operation Ezra and Nehemiah" to bring as many of the Iraqi Jews as possible to Israel.
The reasons for the exodus included
push factors, such as
persecution,
antisemitism, political instability,
[15] poverty
[15] and expulsion, together with
pull factors, such as the desire to fulfill
Zionist yearnings or find a better economic status and a secure home in Europe or the Americas. The history of the exodus has been politicized, given its proposed relevance to the historical narrative of the
Arab-Israeli conflict.
[16] When presenting the history, those who view the Jewish exodus as analogous to the
1948 Palestinian exodus generally emphasize the push factors and consider those who left as refugees, while those who do not, emphasize the pull factors and consider them willing immigrants.
Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
by Emily Mulder
