Radnor Township in Pennsylvania has announced with great fanfare "that it will purchase 62 percent of its electricity from pollution-free, wind-generated electricity, making it the nations leading wind energy purchaser among municipalities" (PRNewswire, February 26, 2003). The Township will purchase 1,400,000 kilowatt hours per year over three years from a wind farm near Mt. Storm, West Virginia
But according to renewable energy expert Glenn Schleede, the officials of Radnor Township have been hoodwinked. Wind energy entails significant environmental costs, with little environmental gain, and significant economic costs that hurt customers, but serve to line the pockets of wind farm owners.
The amount of electricity that will be purchased by Radnor Township is insignificant. It will represent 1/1000 of 1 percent of the total electricity sold by electric utilities in Pennsylvania in 2001. "Any claim of favorable air quality impact is specious at best," says Schleede. "Wind farms adversely affect a wide variety of environmental, ecological, scenic and property values."
The electricity would come from FPL Energy-owned wind farms that are planned for scenic West Virginia. One proposed wind farm would be located "along 14 miles of the picturesque high mountains near Canaan Valley National Wildlife Refuge, Canaan Valley State Park, Blackwater Falls State Park, the Monongahela National Forest which includes Dolly Sods and Dolly Sods Wilderness Area." The wind farm would consist of 200 very tall (300 to 400 ft.) wind mills spread over thousands of acres.
The real impetus behind the construction of wind farms is not the environmental or economic benefits to customers, but massive government subsidies. One proposed wind farm in West Virginia, would cost $300,000,000 to build, but would recover those costs and then some through various tax shelters and subsidies equaling $325,434,600. In many cases, the profit from this government largesse exceeds the income generated from electricity sales. Wind farm owners enjoy windfall profits at taxpayer expense.
Schleede makes an interesting comparison and offers some advice to the city of Radnor Township. "If each household substituted two 27-watt energy efficient light bulbs for two 100-watt incandescent bulbs that are used an average of 4 hours per day, the people of Radnor Township would avoid the use of 2,131,600 kWh of electricity each year, or about 50 percent more than the 1,400,000 kWh that is substituted in the electricity-from-wind purchase scheme." The cost? $100,000!
Declines in Population Growth Give Europe a Leg Up on Kyoto
Europe is on an irreversible trajectory of falling population rates, according to a study by Wolfgang Lutz and Sergei Scherbov, with the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna, and Brian ONeill, with the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis in Laxenburg, Austria.
In a report published in Science (March 28, 2003), the authors note that at present only 1.5 babies are borne per woman in the European Union, well below the "replacement rate" of 2.1 births per woman. Even if European women began having more children at younger ages, the population decline would continue for decades because there are too few childbearing-aged women to make a difference. The study does not take into account immigration, but even that may not be large enough to offset population declines.
While the study does not address climate change, this may well explain part of the reason the European Union has readily accepted the Kyoto Protocol and why they are so eager to have the U.S. sign up to similar restrictions. Given their declining population, it will be much easier for European Union countries to reduce emissions to pre-1990 levels than the U.S., which continues to experience robust population growth.
The targets for emissions reductions for the EU and the U.S. are very similar. The EU would have to reduce their emissions to an average of 8 percent below 1990 levels by the 2008-2012 compliance period, the U.S. by 7 percent. But since 1990, the EU economies have grown relatively slowly, meaning that CO2 emissions increased little. The U.S. on the other hand, has experienced tremendous economic growth since 1990, so its Kyoto target is actually more difficult than the EUs.
Europes economic troubles are largely due to heavy economic regulation and taxes, including high energy taxes. As a result, U.S. companies are out-competing EU companies. Rather than deregulate, the EU has sought to level the playing field by saddling U.S. companies with similar restrictions through the Kyoto Protocol.
This became quite clear in March 2001 soon after President Bush announced that his administration would not seek to impose carbon dioxide regulations on utilities. Margot Wallstrom, the European Unions commissioner for the environment, complained that, "This is not a simple environmental issue where you can say it is an issue where the scientists are not unanimous. This is about international relations, this is about economy, about trying to create a level playing field for big businesses throughout the world. You have to understand what is at stake and that is why it is serious." Clearly Europe sees the energy rationing required by the Kyoto Protocol as the means by which it can regain some of its lost competitiveness relative to the U.S.
Anyone can make a case at anytime against energy technologies, for various reasons. The fact is that wind power is just as needed as nuclear power and as much as solar power. To express an opinion that this nation will be energy independant with the exlusion of a major source of energy is not only short sighted, it is without merit. To boast that this country will be energy independant with nothing but green technologies like solar and wind and bio-fuels in 10 years is just that a boast and nothing more.