the civil rights movement of the 50's and 60's presupposed that blacks would catch up to whites if the playing field was even. because the field was uneven it was necessary to help one side even if it meant discriminating by race.
the expected result was that blacks would take advantage of beneficial conditions to create a middle class strata of society that would be self-sustaining, giving rise to a new generation that would compete on their own merits. that black businesses would spring up to nurture their own culture and give young blacks a good start in life.
to a certain extent, this is what happened. there is a large black middle class. many black children take advantage of education to keep themselves going forward. unfortunately not as many as hoped. AA was not meant to be a permanent thing but now blacks are labelled as a permanently disadvantaged group because the gap in disparate outcomes, which originally changed dramatically, has become a static feature of society. the law of diminishing returns has kicked in and less and less results are being seen for the same (or greater) costs of racial discrimination to keep the field tilted.
I, personally, am for Affirmative Action but it has to be centred on the individual not racial quotas. every black child who shows promise in becoming educated should be treated like a diamond in the rough but there should be actual thresholds being met, not just being the best black available. people often meet expectations when they know what the expectations are and what the rewards for meeting them will be.