Words and images are very powerful things. By making it difficult to associate Negroid with a specific location no real association can be formed other than the one that the people who made up these categories chose to give. Science now tells us pretty convincingly that all homo sapiens are descended from African people. We know this via mitochondrial DNA. The debate on this is non-existent at this point.
The out of Africa theory of human origins has become the scientific consensus. I agree with it. According to the out of Africa theory distinctly human evolution began about six million years ago when the Rift Valley began, dividing the common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees.
By about a million years ago Homo Erectus had evolved in Africa. Homo Erectus had a body very similar to that of modern humans, although his skeleton indicates that he was much stronger. His brain was smaller, and he was less intelligent.
Several hundred thousand years ago a number of these early humans left Africa. In the Near East and Europe they evolved into Neanderthals. Further east less evolution occurred. Neanderthals eventually developed larger brains than modern humans. However, the shape of their brains, and the remains of their campsites indicate that they were less intelligent than the modern humans who evolved in Africa 100,000 to 200,000 years ago.
Human evolution was moving faster in Africa because there were more humans there, and a large gene pool tends to evolve faster than a small gene pool. Also, the humans in Africa had more genetic diversity.
DNA evidence indicates that the San Bushmen are the oldest surviving race. By this I mean that we need to go back further in time to find a common female ancestor and a common male ancestor among the San Bushmen. The modern humans who emerged in Africa 100,000 years ago probably were more similar to the San Bushmen than any other race.
About 60,000 years ago one hundred to several hundred modern humans left Africa, probably crossing the Sinai Peninsula. DNA evidence indicates that this migration was limited in time and numbers. My guess is that for a brief amount of time there was an unusually large amount of rain in the Sinai Peninsula, creating more streams and oases.
Usually only an inch and a half of rain falls in the Sinai Peninsula. This would have made it a formidable barrier before the invention of containers of water.
On the other side of the Sinai Peninsula the modern humans encountered the Neanderthals. A few liaisons occured. Consequently, everyone who is not a Negro has some Neanderthal ancestry. Encounters were more frequently violent. Because the modern humans were less powerful they would have tried to avoid the Neanderthals until they developed better weapons.
When they developed better weapons, they displaced the Neanderthals.
It is from these modern humans that the non Negro races evolved. Until the development of agriculture ten thousand years ago Negroes were probably more evolved than their cousins on the other side of the Sinai Peninsula. This is because there were more of them, and because they had, and still have, more genetic diversity.
The beginning of agriculture changed things. Agriculture exerts different evolutionary pressures than hunting and gathering. Farmers must be able to plan for the future. They must be able to defer gratification. They need to clean up after butchering an animal, or its remains will decay and spread disease.
Agriculture was begun by Caucasians in the Fertile Crescent ten thousand years ago. Nine thousand years ago it was begun by Mongoloids in what is now China.
Civilization was begun by Caucasians in Egypt and what is now Iraq five thousand years ago. It was begun by Mongloids in what is now China four thousand years ago.
Civilization exerts population pressures in favor of superior intelligence. Those who have difficulty conforming to civilized norms of behavior are removed from the gene pool when criminals are executed or imprisoned, and when rebellions are crushed.
The ancestors of American Negroes began to use agriculture three thousand years ago. Large numbers of them only began living in cities during the twentieth century.
The differences between Negroes on one hand and whites and Orientals on the other can be explained by differing evolutionary pressures during the past ten thousand years. When blacks and whites earn the same incomes whites are more prone to save money, and less prone to go into debt. Black neighborhoods have more litter in them than white neighborhoods. Blacks have higher crime rates, and lower average IQ's.
However, blacks continue to have more genetic diversity than whites and Orientals, so they can evolve faster. I am optimistic about the future of the Negro race. Within the next thousand years most of them will behave and perform as well as most whites and Orientals. By then the races will have merged, so there will be one hybrid race on this planet.