For starters:
- guaranteed issue
- end of lifetime limits
- Medicaid expansion
- cuts to the massive money suck that is Medicare Advantage
To add on:
- Competitive insurance markets
- Medicare reform to pay for quality, not just quantity
- Pricing transparency and public reporting on quality and costs
- Investments in prevention, wellness, and public health
Please cite in the bill, certainly there's at least one page to contains all these beautiful things?
First things first. Use this version:
Compilation of Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. You're going to get confused if you use the other because it's essentially in track changes; if a later section strikes or replaces an earlier section, that earlier section is still sitting there (despite the fact it doesn't actually exist in the U.S. Code). That's why it seems so long--lots of the stuff in it is altered or eliminated by later stuff in it. The version I just linked to is the cleaned up final version that's removed things that didn't become law. It's much more readable (and useful) than the on sitting on the LOC site.
Guaranteed issue is in Sec. 1201 (Amendment to the Public Health Service Act), while the end of lifetime limits is up front in Sec. 1001 (Amendments to the Public Health Service Act).
The Medicaid expansion is at the very beginning of Title II of the law, in Sec. 2001 (Medicaid coverage for the lowest income populations).
The Medicare Advantage reforms he referenced were in the reconciliation bill so you won't find them in H.R. 3590--but you will find them in my link because it's a compilation. It's Section 1102 in the reconciliation bill at the end.
The competitive insurance markets I referenced are primarily in Sec. 1311 but Sec. 1301 and Sec. 1302 are also part of what makes them possible.
The Medicare reforms I'm talking about constitute most of Title III of the law (aptly named "Improving the Quality and Efficiency of Health Care"). But if you want particularly notable sections in there, try Sec. 3001, Sec. 3007, Sec. 3008, Sec. 3022, Sec. 3023, and Sec. 3025.
Pricing transparency for hospitals is also up front in Sec. 1001.
Public reporting on costs and quality is in almost too many places to list. To name a few: Sec. 3002, Sec. 3004, Sec. 3005, Sec. 3015, and Sec. 10331 (as well as the sections about the competitive insurance markets already mentioned).
As for prevention and public health, that would be pretty much all of Title IV of the law--the one called "Prevention of Chronic Disease and Improving Public Health."
That said, there are much, much easier (and more effective) ways of learning about these things and the other contents of the law than trying to read the legislative text. That includes any number of very good summaries that are available.